ecology/populations

Question 1

niche

Answer 1

the role of an organism in an environment

Question 2

2 types of niche

Answer 2

• fundamental

- realised

Question 3

fundamental niche

Answer 3

where an organism COULD live

Question 4

realised niche

Answer 4

where an organism DOES live

Question 5

Lincoln index

Answer 5

(no of animals in first sample -marked x total in second) / (number of marked in second)

Question 6

what does t test allow you to do?

Answer 6

compare 2 means

Question 7

environment

Answer 7

the biotic and abiotic surroundings of an organism

Question 8

ecosystem

Answer 8

the interactions between organisms and their environment

Question 9

habitat

Answer 9

the environment where an organism lives

Question 10

community

Answer 10

all the species in a particular environment at a particular time

Question 11

3 types of adaptations

Answer 11

• structural
• functional
• behavioural

Question 12

structural adaptions eg.

Answer 12

shape and colour

Question 13

functional adaptions eg.

Answer 13

reproduction and metabolism

Question 14

behavioural adaptions eg.

Answer 14

migration and mating rituals

Question 15

factors affecting population size (6)

Answer 15

• abiotic
• seasons
• food supply
• interspecific competition
• infraspecific competition
• predation

Question 16

stages of succession (6)

Answer 16

• bare ground
• colonisers (lichens + moss)
• pioneers (grasses + ferns)
• herbaceous plants (weeds)
• shrubs
• climax (trees)

Question 17

carrying capacity

Answer 17

the maximum population of that species which the ecosystem can sustain without damaging the ecosystem

Question 18

population

Answer 18

a group of individuals of the same species which occupy the same habitat at the same time

Question 19

assumptions made in mark-recapture experiments

Answer 19

• no births or deaths in population
• the mark hasn’t rubbed off
• no migration/emmigration
• mark doesn’t affect individuals chance of survival
• physical environment is the same

Question 20

primary succession

Answer 20

the change in species through time form colonisation by a pioneer species through to a climax community in one geographical location

Question 21

biodiversity

Answer 21

the range and variety of all living organisms within a particular area

Question 22

when do you use a t-test

Answer 22

when you need to compare 2 means