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Bio 2040 > Ecology & Conservation > Flashcards

Ecology & Conservation Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecology

A

-the study of interactions among organisms
(whether its the same species or different species)

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2
Q

biotic interactions

A

-interactions among living things

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3
Q

abiotic interactions

A

-interactions between organisms and their nonliving environment

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4
Q

environmental science

A

-application of ecology to the real world environment

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5
Q

Scale of ecology (levels)

A

-individual organism, population, community, and ecosystem

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6
Q

iteroparous (reproductive type)

A

-reproductive type where the animal reproduces one at a time
-can be continuous or seasonal

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7
Q

semelparous (reproductive type)

A

-reproductive type where the animal reproduces all at once

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8
Q

competitive exclusion

A

-survival of the fittest

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9
Q

character displacement

A

-movement of habitat when the species can no longer get resources or reproduce due to competition

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10
Q

interference competition

A

-intimidation & physical force

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11
Q

resource competition

A

-limited resource causes competition

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12
Q

exploitation competition

A

-consumption and limited resource

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13
Q

allopatric speciation

A

-when a species spreads out geographically

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14
Q

sympatric speciation

A

-when a species clumps together in a single group and area

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15
Q

many eyes hypothesis

A

-when in a group they spend less time being vigilant and more time feeding and reproducing
-ex. meerkats sacrificing to make a call for the group

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16
Q

R- selected species

A

-high growth rate but low survivability (cheap offspring)

17
Q

K selected species

A

-low growth rate but high survivability (expensive offspring)

18
Q

megadiversity

A

-high level of diversity in a given area

19
Q

biodiversity hot spots

A

areas characterized by both high levels of diversity and diversity loss

20
Q

representative species

A

-a species of organism that represents a larger group

21
Q

fundamental niches

A

-represents the environmental conditions the species can live in

22
Q

realized niche

A

-represents the resources and environment the species can access due to pressures from other species

23
Q

mark recapture equation

A

total= (# of marked first catch x total of second catch) / (# of marked recaptures in second catch)

24
Q

main biome of europe

A

-temperate deciduous forest

25
Q

Altruistic behavior

A

-when an organism acts at the cost of oneself for the benefits of the group
-this also helps genetic diversity and results to little to no interbreeding

26
Q

3 mechanisms of migration

A

-navigation
-orientation
-piloting

27
Q

navigation

A

-when animals follow internal compass but can also set or adjust path

28
Q

Orientation

A

-ability to follow internal compass, but can not set or adjust path

29
Q

Piloting

A

-animal moves from one familiar landmark to the next
-ex. gray whales may use coastline

30
Q

types of communication

A

-intimidation, auditory, visual, tactile

31
Q

intimidation

A

-when a species uses force or acts bigger to draw away competition
-ex. birds fluffing feathers and hippos opening their mouth

32
Q

Auditory

A

-ex. birds songs and human speech

33
Q

visual

A

-ex. bird dances and bees dancing

34
Q

tactile

A

-ex. mammals cuddling

35
Q

polyphagous

A

-a parasite that uses many hosts

36
Q

monophagous

A

-a parasite that uses only one host or a few closely related hosts

37
Q

redundancy hypothesis

A

-more than one species plays the given role in an ecosystem so if one species dies the other will still carry out the function

38
Q

organismal ecology

A

-study in the way individual organisms meet challenges in the environment

39
Q

physiological ecology(organismal ecology)

A

-how organisms are adapted to their environment and how the environment affects their species distribution

Bio 2040 (3 decks)

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