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Science > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecology

A

The study of plants and the relationship between them

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2
Q

Environment

A

Everything that surrounds an animal or plant

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3
Q

Habitat

A

The place where a plant or animal lives

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4
Q

Community

A

All the different populations that live In the habitat

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5
Q

Interdependence

A

Is how organisms depend on each other for their survival (buttercups depend on bee for food and bees depend on buttercups for pollination)

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6
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the plants and animals in an area interacting with each other and their environment

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7
Q

Biome

A

An ecosystem that extends over a very large area Eg - Rainforest

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8
Q

Biosphere

A

All of the earths ecosystems and biomes

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9
Q

Producer

A

Plants that make their own food

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10
Q

Consumer

A

Animals that get their food by eating plants or other animals

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11
Q

Herbivore

A

An animals that eat plant only

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12
Q

Carnivore

A

An animal that eats other animals

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13
Q

Omnivore

A

An animal that eats both plants and animals

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14
Q

Decomposer

A

Organisms that feed on dead animals and plants . They are very important because they break down dead things and release lots of minerals into the soil

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15
Q

Food chain

A

Show how one organism eats another and so on

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16
Q

Green plants

A

Start the food chain because they are the only ones who can make food

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17
Q

Feeding level

A

The position of an organism on the food chain

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18
Q

Energy

A

Gets less and less as you go along the food chain

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19
Q

Food web

A

Is two or more interconnected food chains

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20
Q

Competition

A

Occurs when two or more organisms seek a resource that is limited

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21
Q

Adaptations

A

Feature that give organisms a better cancers of surviving in their habitat

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22
Q

Dandelion adaptation

A

Dandelions has long roots to reach deep down to get water and that compete for space by spreading their seeds in the wind

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23
Q

Hedgehog adaptation

A

They are a s excellence sense of smell that makes they good at finding food . Their spikes help fight off predators and they are broken in color to help they camouflage .

24
Q

Abiotic and biotic factors

A

Plants and animals are affected by living and non-living factors in their environment

25
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Are non-living Eg - weather , soil and type of landscape

26
Q

Biotic factors

A

Are living Eg - competition , predation and symbiosis

27
Q

Predation

A

Controls the number of organisms in an ecosystem

28
Q

Symbiosis

A

A relationship between organism of species where at lest one benefits Eg cleaner fish eat parasites out of eels mouths

29
Q

Population

A

A group of organisms of the same species living in the same habitat

30
Q

Balance of nature

A

Over time the number of species in an ecosystem reaches a steady state .

31
Q

Prey

A

The organism being hunted

32
Q

Niche

A

The role of an organism within a habitat

33
Q

Biomass

A

The quantity of matter in an organism

34
Q

Feeding relationship

A

The way energy and nutrients are passed from one another

35
Q

Qualitative survey

A

A list of the different species in the habitat

36
Q

Quadrat

A

Used to survey plants in a habitat

37
Q

Identification key

A

Used when you are unaware of the species you can use this to find out

38
Q

Quantitive survey

A

Collects numerical data about the species in the habitat

39
Q

Frequency

A

Percentage chance of a species being present and randomly chosen quadrat

40
Q

Percentage cover

A

The area of ground covered by plants or animals

41
Q

Distribution

A

Records the area within a habitat where a species is found

42
Q

Abundance

A

Refers to the size of a population of species

43
Q

Line transects

A

The distribution of organisms in a habitat is investigated using this

44
Q

Conservation

A

Is the protection , preservation and careful use of our natural resources

45
Q

Natural resources

A

Includes land , rivers , seas , plants and animals

46
Q

Pollution

A

Adding unwanted waste to the environment causing damage to it

47
Q

The balance of nature can be damage

A

If one organism is damaged it can be harmful to many other plants and animals

48
Q

Air pollution

A

Caused by smoke , dust and harmful gases - most of these come from cars , buses , factories and power stations

49
Q

Fossil fuels

A

When they are burned they produce carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide - these dissolve in rainwater to create carbonic acid and sulfuric acid - this acid rain causes damage to plants and animals

50
Q

Soil pollution

A

Caused by pesticides artificial fertilizers and acid rain

51
Q

Water pollution

A

Rivers , lakes and seas are polluted by fertilizers , sewage , oil and detergent- fertilizers seep into rivers and cause too much plant growth , bacteria populations boom as they feed on the dead plants and no oxygen is left for fish

52
Q

Incineration

A

Burning the waste , this can release dangerous gases into the atmosphere , difficulties with location because nobody wants to live near a incinerator

53
Q

Landfill

A

Burying the waste underground , damages soil , rivers and ground water , attracts rodents , disease causing , bad smell , difficulties because nobody wants to love her this

54
Q

3 R’s

A

Reduce , reuse , recycle to make sure that we don’t damage our environment and that future generations will have a place to live

55
Q

Reduce

A

Use your own bag , don’t pick things that are prepackaged (use less extra packaging )

56
Q

Recycle

A

Paper , glass , some metals and plastics can be processed and reused , this reduces damage to the environment

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