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Bio 20 > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biosphere: ____

A

All areas on Earth that are inhabited by and that support life.

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2
Q

3 main components of the biosphere and definition

A

Hydrosphere: water portion of Earth

Atmosphere: gaseous part of Earth

Lithosphere/Geosphere: solid, mainly rocky part of Earth

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3
Q

What is ecology?

A

The scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and interactions between them and their environment. Studies most simple to most complex systems.

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4
Q

Populations ➡️ ____________ ➡️ Ecosystem

A

Community

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5
Q

Define population.

A

Group of individuals of the same species occupying the same area at a given time.

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6
Q

Define community

A

More than one population of organisms living in a given area.

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7
Q

Define ecosystems.

A

Community and its abiotic and biotic components and interactions.

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8
Q

Earth is a _______ system.

A

Earth is a closed system.

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9
Q

Open system:

A

Exchange of energy and matter.

Ex. a cell

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10
Q

Closed system:

A

Exchange of energy only

Ex. Earth

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11
Q

Energy ____ through biosphere and matter ______

A

Flows, cycles

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12
Q

Biological Diversity

A

the number of species in an ecosystem

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13
Q

Biotic Factors

A

Living components of the biosphere

plants, animals, microbes parasites

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14
Q

Abiotic Factors

A

Non-living components of the biosphere

rocks, minerals, sunlight, temperature, weather

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15
Q

Gaia hypothesis

A

Biosphere acts like an organism that regulates itself, maintaining environmental conditions within certain limits

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16
Q

3 Outcomes for radiant energy

A
  • 30% reflected from clouds, particles in atmosphere, or land/ocean back into space
  • 19% absorbed by gases like water and CO2 in the atmosphere (some heat the atmosphere and some radiate back to space)
  • 51% reaches Earth’s surface
    • Energy absorbed by land and oceans which warm the planet’s surface
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17
Q

what can capture energy from the sun

A

Only producers or autotrophs

18
Q

Primary consumers

A

Herbivores bcs they eat plants and other producers

19
Q

Secondary Consumer

A

Carnivores that eat herbivores

20
Q

Tertiary Consumer

A

Carnivores that consume secondary consumers

21
Q

Decomposers

A

Obtain energy rich molecules by eating or absorbing leftovers or waste matter to release nutrients to the soil and water for plants and algae to grow

22
Q

Trophic levels

A

Feeding level through which energy and matter are transferred

23
Q

Detruis

A

waste from plants and animals including dead remains

24
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

use nutrients to produce energy

ex. Autotrophs

25
Q

Biomagnification

A

the increasing concentration of a toxic substance in the tissues of organisms at higher lvls in the food chain

26
Q

Extripated

A

Any species that no longer exists in one part of the country, but found in others

27
Q

Threatened

A

Any species that is likely to become endangered if factors that make it vulnerable are not reversed

28
Q

Special concern

A

Any species that is at risk because of low or declining numbers at the fringe of its range or in some restricted are

29
Q

Exotic Species

A

An organism that is not from a given place or area and has been transported to a new location by human activity

30
Q

Indicator species

A

Sensitive to their environment and detect early warning that the balance of an ecosystem is being negatively affected

31
Q

Fragmentation

A

Discontinuities in an organisms preferred environment

32
Q

Reasons why animals are disappearing

A
  • Habitat loss
  • Air and water quality
  • Climate change
  • UV radiation
33
Q

Ecological Pyramids

A

Model of feeding relationships showing the pattern of energy and the number of organisms among trophic lvls

34
Q

Biomass

A
  • the dry mass of living, or once-living, organisms per unit area
  • Indicates amount of energy present in the living tissue of an ecosystem
35
Q

Processes involved in the H2O cycle

A
  • Evaporation
  • Condensation
  • Precipitation
  • Transpiration
  • Percolation
36
Q

Fixing Carbon

A
  • photosynthesis

- gas to solid

37
Q

Releasing Carbon

A
  • rocks broken down by volcanoes, decaying organisms, etc
38
Q

Nitrogen Fixation

A

N2 to NO3 (by lightening)

gas to solid

39
Q

Denitrification

A
  • NO3 to NO2 to N2

- solid to gas

40
Q

Nitrification

A

NH3 to NO3 or NO2

41
Q

Short term (phosphorous cycle)

A
  • Phosphate soluble in H2O

- Living

42
Q

Long term (phosphorous cycle)

A
  • Bones and shells from dead animals

- rocks of Earths crust

Bio 20 (3 decks)

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