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Bio 20 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Blue Blood on a Diagram is:

A

Deoxygenated Blood going towards the heart and lungs from cells.

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2
Q

Red blood on a diagram is:

A

Oxygenated blood pumped towards tissues to deliver oxygen.

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3
Q

Blood returns to the heart through the ________

A

Superior and interior vena cava

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4
Q

The 4 chambers of the heart are:

A

The right/left atria
And
The right/left ventricles

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5
Q

The valve(s) that separate the atrium and ventricle is:

A

The atrioventricular (AV) valves

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6
Q

Pulmonary means:

A

Lungs

ex. The pulmonary arteries/veins connect the heart to the lungs

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7
Q

Arteries

A

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

  • Elastic connective tissue (outer/inner layers)
  • Smooth muscle (middle)

Smaller but elastic, you can feel your heartbeat.

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8
Q

The largest artery in the body

A

Aorta

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9
Q

Blood story starting at the superior/interior vena cava:

A

Vena Cava -> Right Atrium -> Atrioventricular valve -> Right Ventricle -> Semilunar valve -> Left/Right pulmonary arteries -> Lungs -> Left/Right pulmonary veins -> Left atrium -> Atrioventricular valve -> Left ventricle -> Semilunar valve -> Aorta -> Arteries -> Arterioles -> Capillaries -> Tissues -> Venuoles -> Veins

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10
Q

Atheriosclerosis (aka Heart Disease)

A

Excess fat is deposited on the walls of arteries (plaque).

  • Narrows blood vessels
  • Decrease area for blood to flow
  • High blood pressure

Can cause blood clots

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11
Q

Define myocardial infarcation

A

A heart attack

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12
Q

Site of fluid &gas exchange

A

Capillaries

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13
Q

Veins

A

Carry deoxygenated blood from cells toward the heart.
Blood flow depends on:
-Valves (one-way)
-Skeletal muscle contraction

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14
Q

Aneurysm

A

Bulge that forms in the wall of a weakened blood vessel (usually arteries)

  • Eventually ruptures
  • Less oxygen/nutrients delivered to cells -> cell death

Aneurysm leads to internal bleeding
-in the brain can cause strokes

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15
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

Vessels that carry blood to/from the lungs.

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16
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

Vessels that carry blood to/from the body.

17
Q

Myogenic muscle

A

A muscle that contracts without external nerve stimulation. (ex. Heart)

18
Q

Pericardium

A

Fluid filled membrane surrounding the heart

19
Q

Septum

A

Muscles that separate the right and left side of the heart. (Divider)

20
Q

Characteristics of atria and ventricles

A

Atria:
-Thin walled

Ventricles:
-Thick walled (for contraction)

21
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing of blood vessels
-decreases blood flow to tissues

Increases blood flow when there is low blood pressure

22
Q

Vasodilation

A

Widening of blood vessels
-increases blood flow to tissues

Usually during exercise

23
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

Regulates the diameter of arteries through vasoconstriction and vasodilation

24
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

A

Located in the right atrium

  • acts as the pacemaker
  • sets heart rate ~ 70 beats per minute
25
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation of heart

  • relaxed atria fills with blood
  • contracts, forces AV valves to open
  • blood flows to ventricles
  • AV valve shuts (LUBB sound)
26
Q

Systole

A

Contraction of the heart

  • blood rushes out of heart
  • decreased pressure causes SL valve to shut
  • SL valve shuts -> DUBB sound
27
Q

Heart murmurs

A

Occurs when valves do not close completely
(left AV valve especially susceptible to defects)

Produces a gurgling sound

28
Q

Superior/Interior Vena Cava

A

Carries deoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart.

29
Q

Right Atrium

A

Collects deoxygenated blood from vena cava.

30
Q

Left atrium

A

Collects oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins

31
Q

Coronary Artery

A

Supplies oxygenated blood to the brain and heart muscles.

32
Q

One Way Valves

A
  • direct blood towards the heart

- do not allow blood yo flow back in other direction

33
Q

Skeletal Muscles in veins

A
  • Pressure in veins increase when muscles contract

- muscle contraction > reduces vein diameter > pressure in vein increases > valve opens > blood flow towards heart

34
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) node

A
  • located in R atrium

- Acts as conductor, passing nerve impulses

35
Q

Heart Beat Pathway

A
  1. Set by sinoatrial (SA) node
  2. Contractions travel to AV Node
  3. Nerve impulses travel via Purkinje fibres > septum > ventricles

Bio 20 (3 decks)

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