Ecology Flashcards
Ecology
The study of living things and their environment
Biotic Factors
Living parts of the environment
Plants, Animals, Micro- Organisms
Abiotic Factors
Non Living parts of the environment
air water wind sunlight soil landfroms
Cycle >
Cycles in Nature
The path atoms take in the environment
The atoms make things up are constantly moving through the living and Non-Living environment
Cycles Example
Water Cycle
Carbon-Oxygen cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Feral Organisms
Organisms that have gone wild. example european carp, rabbits, feral cats, pigs
How does feral organisms do well
because they are frequently introduced without their natural enemies which keep there numbers in check in the countries from which they have been introduced.
What is the guard against the inroduction of new pests into Australia
AQIS
Australian Quarantine Inspection Service
Biological Control
Using living species to control the numbers of pest species
eg:
using myxoma virus and Calici virus to control rabbit numbers
> agent of biological control must be specific to the pest species
an example of biological control gone wrong would be using cone toads to control insecr pests in sugar cane; they have poisoned many native animals that have been eating them
Pesticides
Chemicals used to kill pests. pesticides have allowed an increase in food production, reduced loses of food in storage and reduced the amount of disease and suffering the disease caused
D.D.T proven effective.
Biodiversity
biodiversity refers to the variety of life thatt exists in an ecosystem
Captive Breeding
species are bred in incaptivity and released into the wild
biodiversity more notes
living species depends on one another in an ecosystem to survive. Domino effect> not having food> starving>extinction
Natural Disasters
Cyclone, Bushfires,floods, and droughta
economic developtment must be done on a ________ basis so that the preserve environments for future generations`
sustainable
distribution
scatters of things
abundance
the number of given species
plant abundance-use random quadrants
animal abundance-use capture, recapture methods
Waves Carry ____
Energy
Energy is carried by _____
Waves
Two main types of waves
1) Longtitudinal waves(compression waves)- particles move backward and forward the same as the wave. eg sound
2) transverse waves particles move at right angles to the direction of the wave. eg: electro-magnetic radiation such as light+water waves
particles move at right angles to the direction of the wave. eg: electro-magnetic radiation such as light+water waves
Transverse Waves
particles move backward and forward the same as the wave. eg sound
Longtitudinal waves(compression waves)
When an object vibrates it produces
sound waves
Quicker Vibration
Higher Pitch sounds
Bigger Vibration
Louder Sounds
More information about sound waves
sounds needs molecules present in order to be transmitted
Sounds travels by compressions or longtitudinal waves
Reflected sounds
Echoes
Music
Sounds have the regular patter;sounds are pleasant and peaceful
noise
has no pattern; it is not pleasant to listen to
uses of sound
ultrasound-high pitch sound waves used to study internal body structures
produced echoes(echolation) are used by some animals such as bats to help them navigate
speed of sound in air is 340m/sec or 1220km/hr
Electromagnetic radiation travels by
transverese waves
short wavelength
high frequency
long wavelength
low frequency
electromagnetic radiation
short wavelength/high freq -- gamma rays x rays u.v light infra-red micro-waves radio waves -- long wavelength/low frequency
all travels in a straight line
all travels in a speed of light
300,000 km/sec
Mirrors
Reflect light
1) concave
2) convex
3) flat
concave mirrors
reflect light rays to a focus
convex mirrors
reflected rays spread further apart
Lenses
retract (bend) light that passes through them
concave lens
bend light rays apart
conves lens
retracts light rays to a point(focus)
examples that contain convex lens
camera telescope overhead projector
white light is consist of
the colours of the spectrum mixed all together
ROYGBIV
Spectrum
Property is called
Dispersion
Primary colours
Red Green Blue
Red objects
absorbs red light and absorbs other colours
white ….
reflects all colour absorbs none
black
absorbs all colours, reflects none
cone cells(nerve cells)
in the retina of the eye detect colours
