eco exam 1 Flashcards
what are the 5 levels of ecological system
organism
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere
what the general subdivision of ecology
animal and plant ecology
what are the subdivision of ecology based on the organism and habitat?
synecology and autecology
what are the branches of ecology?
terrestrial
aquatic
microbial
system
taxonomic
evolutionary
population
behavioral
conservation
applied
what are the 6 principles in ecology
-protection of species and conserve genetic diversity.
-maintain habitat species is fundamental to conserving species
-large areas contain more species than smaller area
- all things are connected
-disturbance shape the characteristics of population, community and ecosystem
- climate influence terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystem.
4 laws of ecology
EENT
1. everything is connect to everything else.
2. everything must go somewhere.
3. nature knows best
4. there is no such thing as free lunch.
anything that constrains a population size and slows or stop it from growing
limiting factor
define the 2 types of limiting factor
- density dependent limiting factor- dependent on the population size of species.
example is food, prediation, mates. - density independent factor- factors that affect the population growth ( natural disaster, wind,water, soil)
types of organism based on their metabolic pathway
autotrophs and heterotrophs
what is the difference of food chain and food web
food chain is how energy flow from producer to consumer while the food web is all the food chain in the ecosystem
what is energy flow
sun- main source of energy in biosphere in form of radiation
energy- metabolism of living organism, growth and reproduction
what is the first law of thermodynamics
energy is neither created nor destroyed.
second law of thermodynamics
energy transformation is not 100% efficient
process in which
organisms diversify rapidly
from an ancestral species into
a multitude of new forms.
Adaptive Radiation
what are the Mechanisms of
Evolutionary Change
natural selection and genetic drift
differ the mechanism of evolutionary change
natural selection is favourable
genetic traits are naturally
selected to reproduce. while the genetic is traits in a
population change purely
by chance.
what are the types of natural selection?
stabilizing
diversifying
directional
what are the two type of genetic drift
founders drift
bottleneck drift
what are the terminologies?
habitat
endemic species
keystone species
define terminologies
habitat- place where organism naturally occur.
endemic species- restricted to a particular area
keystone species- have extremely high impact on ecosystem
what are the species concept?
biological
cohesion
evolutionary
morphological
phylogenetic
recognition
cladistics
ecological
types of speciation
allopatric and sympatric
type of barrier to gene flow
prezygotic barrier
postzygotic barrier
types of prezygotic barrier
habitat
behavioral
temporal
mechanical
gametic
