chapter 2 Flashcards
define functional group
-collection of atoms at site with molecules with common bonding pattern.
- about chemistry of every organic molecule regardless of size and complex.
-affects reaction, structure and physical properties of every compound.
define the functional group with carbon to carbon bonds(alkenes, alkynes and arenes.
alkenes- has a double bond
alkynes- have triple bond
arenes- have a aromatic compound.
have a carbon atom bonded to sulfur of an SH
thiols
have two carbon bonded to same sulfur
sulfides
one H bonded to C=O
aldehydes
OH bonded to C=O
carboxylic acid
what does carbonyl atom and oxygen bears?
carbonyl atom bears partial positive charge while oxygen is negative.
what are the four possiblities of branching atoms?
primary carbon, secondary carbon, tertiary and quaternary
explain the four parts of IUPAC system
prefix, parent, locant, and suffix.
The prefix specifies the location and identity of various
substituent groups in the molecule, the parent selects a main part of the molecule and tells how many carbon atoms are in that part, the locant gives the location of the primary
functional group, and the suffix identifies the primary
functional group.
Fractional distillation separates
petroleum into fractions
according to boiling point.
residue, lubricating oil, fuel oil, kerosene,gasoline,gases
explanation of boiling points of alkanes?
There isn’t much electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen, so
there is hardly any bond polarity.
The molecules themselves also have very little polarity.
A totally symmetrical molecule like methane is completely non-polar.
This means that the only attractions between one molecule and its neighbors will be
Van der Waals dispersion forces.
what is sawhorse representation?
views the
C–C bond from an oblique
angle and indicates spatial
relationships by showing
all the C–H bonds.
a newman projection
views the C―C bond directly end-on and represents the two carbon atoms by a circle.
discuss what is the most stable conformation and least stable conformation
The lowest-energy, most stable conformation is the one in which all six C―H
bonds are as far away from one another as possible (staggered when viewed end-
on in a Newman projection).
- The highest-energy, least stable conformation is the one in which the six C―H
bonds are as close as possible (eclipsed in a Newman projection).
what is anti ang gauche?
anti conformation has two methyl groups 180° away from each other and staggered conformation with methyl groups 60° apart is gauche
conformation.
