ECM proteins Flashcards

1
Q

proteoglycan

A

aggregate of glycosaminoglycans

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2
Q

GAGs

A

mucopolysaccharides, repeating disaccharide chins; net negative surface charge and repel each other

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3
Q

Cartilage matrix lined with GAGs

A

produced slippery consistency due to GAGs and swelling pressure due to turgor (ECM resists compression)

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4
Q

Collagen

A

tough protein fibers resistant to shearing forces

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5
Q

Collagen molecule

A

3 alpha chains, with every 3rd aa being a GLYCINE allowing tight packing

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6
Q

Banding pattern of collagen

A

due to packaging of collagen into fibrils

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7
Q

Synthesis of collagen

A

RER, Hydroxylation of PROLINE and LYSINE (VIT C DEPENDENT) and Glycosylation of hydroxylysines

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8
Q

Tropocollagen

A

within ECS, pro peptides are cleaved off off the collagen triple helix to yield tropocollagen, it will link to form mature collagen fibrils and cross-linked

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9
Q

Scurvy

A

Vitamin C deficiency, hydroxylation does not occur, helix cannot form, less functional collagen for tissue strength - effects tissue with rapid turnover of collagen (blood vessels, tooth loss)

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10
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

inherited defect in collagen - all collagen; abnormal or decreased production of collagen Type I: mild, brittle bones; Type II: lethal

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11
Q

Ehlers-Danlos

A

Defects in fibrillar collagen; joint hyperextension, stretchy skin

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12
Q

Elastin

A

Gives tissues in ECM the ability to stretch and recoil

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13
Q

Tropoelastin

A

newly synthezied elastin interacts with FIBRILLIN-1 which serves as a scaffold

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14
Q

Marfan Syndrome

A

mutation in fibrillin-1, inability to maintain proper elastin structure (aorta, lens of eye, ligaments of eye most effected due to high abundance of elastin) long limbs, digits, tall, hyper mobility of joints and scoliosis

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15
Q

antitrypsin deficiency

A

inappropriate destruction of lung elastin; cannot keep neutrophil elastase in check - emphysema

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16
Q

Neutrophil elastase in normal lungs

A

destroys bacteria and infection in lungs, low amounts

17
Q

antitrypsin in healthy people

A

monitor the destructive action of the neutrophil elastase t prevent damage to lungs

18
Q

Adhesive proteins in ECM

A

fibronectin and laminin

19
Q

Fibronectin

A

in all CT, multifunctional (binds cells via adhesion molecule integrin bound to actin, collagen, and proteoglycans) to link cells to ECM

20
Q

Laminin

A

found in epithelial tissue, multifunctional (binds cells via adhesion molecule integrin bound to actin, collagen, and proteoglycans) to link cells to ECM

21
Q

Cell adhesion molecules

A

cadherins, selectins, immunoglobulin superfamily, integrins

22
Q

Cadherins

A

Ca-Dependent cell-cell adhesion (E-, P-, N-cadherin), transmembrane and join actin filaments to mediate interactions of cells. MAIN adhesion

23
Q

Selectins

A

cell surface carbohydrate-binding protein mediates cell-cell adhesion (SELECTIN—GLYCOPROTEIN/GLYCOLIPID) transient - bloodstream

24
Q

Members of immunoglobilin superfamily

A

Ca-independent cell-cell adhesion LIGANDS FOR INTEGRINS, CAM, transient expression during development (ICAM, VCAM)

25
Q

Integrins

A

alpha and beta transmembrane adhesion molecules cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion; Tyoe 2 beta of leukocytes for binding to endothelial immunoglobulin (ICAM, VCAM)

26
Q

Cell Matrix Adhesion

A

Integrins, weak adhesion of cell to ECM; integrin binds to adaptor protein connected to intracellular actin changes in cell can result in alterations of ECM binding

27
Q

interruptions to cell-cell or cell-matric interactions

A

cancer, asthma, RA, disease