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CCI book Review > Echo Views / Segmental Anatomy > Flashcards

Echo Views / Segmental Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 standard imaging planes in trans gastric and TEE?

A
  • 4 chamber-
  • short axis
  • long axis
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2
Q

The heart is found in the thoracic cavity in a space called what?

A

Middle mediastinum

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3
Q

Where are EKG leads attached?

A

Right chest
Left chest
Left hip region

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4
Q

What should the frequency be for the transducer during an echo exam?

A

2.5 MHz

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5
Q

When ribs or lungs interfere, having the patient _____ or _____ may improve the image

A

Breathe in
Breathe out

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6
Q

What are the 4 probe positions used in an exam?

A

Parasternal
Apical
Subcostal
Suprasternal (aortic arch)

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7
Q

What position should majority of the patient be in?

A

Left lateral decibitus

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8
Q

In PLAX the transducer should be pointed towards the pts.______ shoulder and at _____

A
  • right
    -10:00
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9
Q

What do you see in PLAX ?

A
  • RV, LV , AV, prox AO, MV, LA
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10
Q

PLAX RVIT landmarks

A

RV, TV, RA, EUSTACHIAN VALVE , CORONARY SINUS

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11
Q

PLAX RVOT landmarks

A

RVOT, PV,PA,

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12
Q

For RVIT where should the transducer be pointing?

A

Inferior and medial towards umbilicus

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13
Q

For RVOT where should the transducer be angled ?

A

Angles superior and lateral towards left shoulder

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14
Q

What valve has a Mercedes sign?

A

AV

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15
Q

In PSAX how many cusps should you see in the AV ?

A

3

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16
Q

What are the names of the 3 AV cusps ?

A

Left coronary cusp
Right coronary cusp
Non coronary cusp

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17
Q

What views should you take in PSAX

A

Apex
Papillary
MV
AV
RVIT
RVOT

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18
Q

In PLAX when do you measure IVSd?

A

Diastole

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19
Q

In PLAX when do you measure LVIDd? And inferior posterior wall width ?

A

Diastole

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20
Q

Normal measurement for ascending AO

A

<3.6 cm

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21
Q

When and where do you measure the LVOT in PLAX?

A

End systole
LVOT inner edge to under edge

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22
Q

In PLAX end diastole I’d when what valves are closed?
Is this when the LV is at its largest?

A

AV and MV
Yes

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23
Q

In end systole for LV of PLAX, what valves are closed? And is this when the LV is at its smallest?

A

MV and AV
Yes

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24
Q

PLAC end systole what 2 measurements to you take?

A

LVIDs and LA

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25
PLAX : what 3 spots should you put M - mode?
- aortic root and AV - MV - left ventricle
26
In right apical view what M- mode measurement do you do?
TAPSE
27
In 4 chamber, where should the transducer be placed?
Indicator at 3 o’clock towards patient left side point towards right shoulder
28
Is apical view used to also assess the right side?
Yes
29
Markers for 4 chamber view
RV LV MV TV RA LA
30
From 4 chamber view how should you move to get 2 chamber view?
Rotating the probe 90 degrees counter clockwise
31
Can you see the descending aorta in 2 chamber?
Yes
32
What do you see in 2 chamber ?
Apex LV LA MV
33
What are the MV leaflets?
Posterior and anterior
34
How do you get 5 chamber?
Tilt probe head up from 4 chamber view
35
What do you seen in 5 chamber?
LA LV MV AV PROX AO LVOT
36
To assess AV what should you do ?
COLOR SPECTRAL DOPPLER
37
How do you get 3 chamber? Where should the probe be (time?)
From 2 chamber, rotate probe 99 degrees counter clockwise 9 or 10 o’clock
38
3 chamber is similar to ___ except now the LV apex is seen in near field.
PLAX
39
Subcostal view is the best view to detect what pathology?
Pericardial effusion
40
Subcostal view is an ___ cut though the heart
Oblique
41
What 3 things to do check for in Subcostal?
PE systolic dysfunction Wall motion abnormalities
42
In Subcostal you should scan below the ______ process
Subxyohoid
43
Subcostal view is similar to apical 4 chamber but the ultrasound beam is more _____ to the atria and ventricular septum
Perpendicular
44
subcostal view is a good view to check for what septal pathology?
PFO or ASD
45
To get the IVC from Subcostal turn the probe ….
To 12 o’clock tilting medial and laterally
46
How should you put the probe for aortic arch?
Place probe in suprasternal notch pointed to 2 o clock
47
What are the 3 branches that come off the aortic arch?
Brachiocephalic Left common carotid artery Left subclavian
48
The LA is traced in ____ in both apical 4 and 2 chamber views
End systole
49
In 4 chamber, trace the LV volume (Simpson) at what 2 times in the cycle?
End diastole End systole
50
In 2 chamber, LV volume should be measured in what 2 parts of the cycle?
End diasyole End systole
51
What is the normal volume of the LA ?
<36 mL/m^2
52
Do you include the LAA in LA volume measurement?
NO
53
What do you measure with PW on mitral valve? _ what direction do they go? Above or below baseline?
E and A waves above the baseline towards the transducer
54
Which way will MR wave be during systole?
Below / negative wave
55
What will MS show in CW during diastolic filling?
Flattened appearance to the E and A waves
56
What is the normal MVA in cm2?
> 2 cm^2
57
What is the MVA for severe MS?
<1 cm^2
58
TR will appear as a ____ wave during systole
Negative
59
Is TR trace used to calculate RVSP?
Yes
60
Estimate Right atrial pressure based on ______
IVC
61
RAP 3 numbers increasing with severity What does each stand for?
3- IVC not dilated and collapsing 8 - IVC not dilated and collapsing 15- IVC dilated and not collapsing
62
RVSP equation
4 x TRPV^2 + RAP= RVSP
63
What is the normal flow for AV?
Negative , away from transducer
64
AR will be (towards or away) from the transducer in CW?
Towards
65
AS will be ____ from the transducer in CW
Away
66
EF in diastolic dysfunction
>50%
67
Adult normal VTI
18-22 cm

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