ECHO-HUMANITARIAN AID-ERCC

Question 1

According to Article 214 of the TFEU, what is the primary purpose of the Union’s humanitarian aid operations?

A) To provide financial aid to third countries for economic development projects
B) To offer ad hoc assistance, relief, and protection for people in third countries who are victims of natural or man-made disasters
C) To establish permanent diplomatic missions in disaster-affected areas
D) To create strategic alliances with third countries through humanitarian aid

Answer 1

B) To offer ad hoc assistance, relief, and protection for people in third countries who are victims of natural or man-made disasters

Question 2

1. How does the EU support wildfire prevention and preparedness efforts of member states?
   A. All the options are correct.
   B. By encouraging research to promote disaster resilience.
   C. By financing the ERCC operations during wildfire seasons.
   D. By providing training to national firefighters.

Answer 2

Answer : A

The EU supports wildfire prevention and preparedness efforts by providing financial support through the EU Civil Protection Mechanism, encouraging research to promote disaster resilience, and coordinating training and resources for national firefighters. Wildfires (europa.eu) https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/what/civil-protection/wildfires_en

Question 3

2. What did the ERCC coordinate during the Ebola crisis in West Africa in cooperation with the World Health Organization?

A. Creation of logistical hubs for humanitarian assistance.
B. Evacuation requests and management of emergency supplies.
C. Deployment of emergency supplies and experts.
D. Coordination of the Dutch navy vessel “Karel Doorman” with humanitarian assistance.

Answer 3

Answer: D
The ERCC coordinated the deployment of the Dutch navy vessel “Karel Doorman” full of humanitarian assistance to Ebola-hit countries in West Africa, making it the biggest-ever civil-military cooperation under the EU Civil Protection Mechanism. For more information about the ERCC and the EU Civil Protection Mechanism, you can take a virtual tour of the ERCC premises and explore its work: https://erccportal.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ERCC%20VIRTUAL%20TOUR/index.htm

Question 4

4. What does the European Commission’s department for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO) establish at the end of each year to ensure transparency and accountability?
   A. Strategic plan
   B. Audits
   C. Annual reports
   D. Partners’ audits

Answer 4

Answer: C
ECHO establishes annual reports that are available to the public, presenting how the European aid funds were spent and which activities were carried out, ensuring transparency and accountability.

Question 5

5. What is the purpose of the new wildfires support team within the Emergency Response Coordination Centre?

A. To expand the capacity of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism.
B. To coordinate a response to wildfires across Europe and beyond.
C. To provide scientific expertise on wildfire risk management.
D. To monitor the situation and track equipment availability for wildfires.

Answer 5

Answer: B and D
The wildfires support team within the Emergency Response Coordination Centre will manage a coordinated response to wildfires, monitoring the situation, tracking equipment availability, and contributing to deployment.

Question 6

6. During which major emergency did EU civil protection and humanitarian aid experts start working together on the ground?
   A. Russia’s war on Ukraine
   B. COVID-19 pandemic
   C. Ebola crisis in West Africa
   D. Typhoon Haiyan

Answer 6

Answer: D
Typhoon Haiyan, which struck the Philippines in 2013, was one of the first major emergencies where EU civil protection and humanitarian aid experts started to work together on the ground in a complementary manner. https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/what/civil-protection/emergency-response-coordination-centre-ercc/10-years-emergency-response-coordination-centre-ercc_en

Question 7

7. What is the purpose of the strategic plan developed by the European Commission’s department for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations every year?

A. To coordinate with other humanitarian organizations.
B. To set targets for budget spending.
C. To establish financial management rules for partners.
D. To program activities efficiently and adopt an impartial approach based on needs.

Answer 7

Answer: D The strategic plan ensures effective coordination and programming of activities while maintaining an impartial approach based on needs.

Question 8

8. How does the European Commission handle the information provided in reporting misconduct or potential misconduct?
   A. The informant’s identity is kept confidential to protect their privacy.
   B. The information is shared with other humanitarian organizations.
   C. The information is publicly disclosed for transparency.
   D. The informant’s identity is only kept confidential if they request it.

Answer 8

Answer: A
The European Commission handles the information provided in confidentiality to protect the rights and privacy of those involved in the report. Accountability (europa.eu)

Question 9

9. What are wildfires?
   A. Controlled fires that are used for forest management practices.
   B. Controlled fires that occur in nature.
   C. Controlled fires that occur in urban areas.
   D. Uncontrolled fires that occur in nature and are often intensified by climatic conditions.

Answer 9

Answer: D
Wildfires are uncontrolled fires that can spread rapidly in natural environments and are often exacerbated by factors like dry weather, wind, and vegetation. Consequences of climate change (europa.eu) https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en#:~:text=More%20frequent%20and%20severe%20droughts,fires%20could%20become%20risk%20areas

Question 10

10. What are the four principles grounded in International Humanitarian Law that guide EU humanitarian aid?

A. Humanity, neutrality, partiality, independence.
B. Humanity, neutrality, impartiality, independence.
C. Humanity, cooperation, impartiality, independence.
D. Humanity, partiality, cooperation, independence.

Answer 10

Answer: B
These four principles are the basis of EU humanitarian aid, ensuring that assistance is provided with a focus on human suffering, without favoring any side in conflicts, without discrimination, and independently of any agenda. For more information about EU humanitarian aid and civil protection, you can visit the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations website: [https://ec.europa.eu/echo/] Humanitarian principles (europa.eu)

Question 11

11. Which of the following is NOT one of the overriding objectives of humanitarian action enshrined in the European Consensus?
    A. Preserving life
    B. Helping to maintain human dignity in the face of disasters.
    C. Reducing poverty and inequality
    D. Preventing and alleviating suffering

Answer 11

Answer: C
The three overriding objectives of humanitarian action enshrined in the Consensus are preserving life, preventing and alleviating suffering, and helping to maintain human dignity in the face of disasters.

Question 12

12. What is the main role of the EU’s Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC)?

A. To coordinate and respond to emergencies worldwide upon request.
B. To establish logistical hubs for coordinated EU responses.
C. To provide emergency supplies and experts during disasters.
D. To celebrate the anniversary of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism.

Answer 12

Answer: A
The ERCC is the backbone of the EU’s emergency response and plays a crucial role in coordinating assistance upon request by countries affected by disasters. Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) (europa.eu)

Question 13

13. What does the principle of solidarity in the Lisbon Treaty state regarding EU humanitarian action? (enshrined in Article 21 of TEU)
    A. The EU will provide assistance, relief, and protection for victims of disasters and encourage cooperation between Member States.
    B. The EU will provide assistance based on political affiliations.
    C. The EU will encourage cooperation between Member States for military interventions.
    D. The EU will provide assistance only to natural disasters but not man-made disasters.

Answer 13

Answer: A
The Lisbon Treaty emphasizes the importance of solidarity in providing aid and cooperation among EU Member States to assist victims of natural and man-made disasters. Don’t forget to check other Art 38, 43, Art 214, 222 from TFUE

Question 14

14. What is the core framework that guides EU humanitarian aid policy and enshrines the humanitarian principles at the EU level?
    A. European Consensus on Humanitarian Aid
    B. European Commission’s Principles for Humanitarian Action
    C. European Council’s Humanitarian Assistance Guidelines
    D. European Parliament Humanitarian Aid Charter

Answer 14

Answer: A
The European Consensus on Humanitarian Aid, signed in December 2007, provides a common vision and principles that guide EU humanitarian aid policy.

Question 15

15. How many requests for assistance has the ERCC responded to since its inception?
    A. +100 times
    B. +650 times
    C. +700 times
    D. +750 times

Answer 15

Answer: C
Civil Protection Mechanism question - Since 2001, the Centre coordinated assistance more than 700 times in response to activations of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism.https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/what/civil-protection/emergency-response-coordination-centre-ercc_en

Question 16

17. What percentage of women comprised the EU’s staff in January 2023, both in field offices and headquarters?
    A. 45%
    B. 49 %
    C. 51%
    D. 55%

Answer 16

Answer: C
European Commission lead by the example. Question about the % is unlikely but the staff configuration or how they operate is always relevant. In January 2023, the EU’s staff comprised 51% women and 49% men, both in field offices and headquarters, demonstrating gender balance in its humanitarian efforts.

Question 16

16. How does the EU Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations department support civil protection?
    A. By providing humanitarian aid to victims of civil protection incidents.
    B. By assuming a leading role in coordinating in-kind assistance from countries participating in the EU Civil Protection Mechanism.
    C. By providing financial support to EU Member States for civil protection measures.
    D. By deploying military forces to disaster-stricken regions.

Answer 16

Answer: B
The EU Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations department plays a supporting role In civil protection, coordinating voluntary contributions of in-kind assistance from participating countries.

Question 17

18. What did the European Consensus on Humanitarian Aid achieve since its adoption in 2007?
    A. It enhanced cooperation with non-EU donors, NGOs, and local actors.
    B. It resulted in improved EU trade policies.
    C. It established international best practice initiatives.
    D. It reduced the use of civil protection capabilities and military assets in emergency response

Answer 17

Answer: A
The Consensus led to improved engagement with several international best practice initiatives and strengthened cooperation with various humanitarian stakeholders.

Question 18

19. How do humanitarian principles differentiate humanitarian aid from other activities?
    A. By addressing human suffering wherever it is found, with particular attention to the most vulnerable.
    B. By guiding aid delivery based on principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and independence.
    C. By focusing on delivering life-saving assistance without discrimination.
    D. By ensuring autonomy of humanitarian objectives from political, economic, military, or other objectives.

Answer 18

Answer: B
These principles distinguish humanitarian aid from other activities that may have different objectives or agendas.

Question 19

20. Why is the fire risk expected to increase due to climate change?
    A. Climate change leads to longer and more challenging wildfire seasons with massive fires that cost lives and take longer to recover.
    B. Climate change has no impact on wildfire risk.
    C. Climate change causes more controlled fires to occur.
    D. Climate change reduces the risk of wildfires by increasing precipitation.

Answer 19

Answer: A
Climate change is affecting weather patterns, leading to longer dry spells and higher temperatures, which increase the risk of wildfires.

Question 20

21. Who carries out audits to review the procedures and validation of expenditure of the European Commission’s department for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations?
    A. European Central Bank
    B. The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
    C. European Parliament and European Council
    D. European Court of Auditors and Internal Audit Service of the Commission

Answer 20

Answer: D
European Court of Auditors and Internal Audit Service of the Commission - These entities carry out audits of ECHO’s procedures and expenditure to ensure accountability and compliance with rules.

Question 21

22. What is the purpose of the European Consensus on Humanitarian Aid?
    A. To improve the overall external action of the European Parliament.
    B. To establish rules for international humanitarian law.
    C. To coordinate and support the work of development partners.
    D. To outline the policy framework for EU’s response to humanitarian crises.

Answer 21

Answer: D
The Consensus sets out why, how, and when the EU acts in response to humanitarian crises, aiming at improving the coherence, effectiveness, and quality of the EU’s humanitarian response.

Question 22

23. What is the rescEU fleet?
    A. A fleet of rescue boats operated by the EU.
    B. A fleet of firefighting planes and helicopters that is 100% financed by the EU.
    C. A fleet of military helicopters used for disaster response.
    D. A fleet of medical transport aircraft used during emergencies.

Answer 22

Answer: B
The rescEU fleet is an European reserve that includes firefighting planes and helicopters, and it is fully financed by the EU to enhance the EU’s ability to respond to wildfires and other emergencies.

Question 23

24. What is the role of the expanded rescEU firefighting air fleet for the 2023 wildfire season?
    A. To operate jointly with the European Civil Protection Pool.
    B. To provide support to national emergency services in case of small wildfires.
    C. To monitor the situation and track equipment availability for wildfires.
    D. To help local fire brigades deal with large wildfires that become too challenging for one country.

Answer 23

Answer: D
The expanded rescEU firefighting air fleet, with 28 planes and helicopters, will support national firefighters across the continent when wildfires become too big to handle at the national level.

Question 24

25. What is the annual humanitarian budget of the EU Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations department?
    A. €100 million
    B. €500 million
    C. Somewhere between 1-3 billion Euro
    D. €5 billion

Answer 24

Answer: C
In 2023, the EU allocated an initial humanitarian aid budget of €1.7 billion. This amount was increased to over €2.42 billion to address unforeseen crises and escalating humanitarian needs. For 2024, the European Commission adopted an initial humanitarian aid budget of more than €1.8 billion, reflecting the EU’s commitment to supporting vulnerable populations worldwide. But it is likely to eventually increase.

Question 25

26. Since when has the EU Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations department been providing assistance to people in need?
    A. 1980
    B. 1992
    C. 2005
    D. 2010

Answer 25

Answer: B
The EU Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations department has been providing assistance to people in need since 1992. Bit of history to provide context.

Question 26

27. Which of the following principles is NOT emphasized in the EU’s approach to diversity and inclusion in humanitarian aid?
    A. Integrating gender and age considerations to address specific needs.
    B. Mainstreaming basic protection principles.
    C. Focusing solely on gender considerations to address specific needs.
    D. Strengthening accountability to affected populations.

Answer 26

Answer: C
While gender considerations are important, the EU’s approach integrates gender and age considerations to address the specific needs of the most vulnerable, not solely focusing on gender.

Question 27

28. What is the estimated proportion of the global population that has a disability?
    A. 0.05
    B. 10%
    C. 15%
    D. 20%

Answer 27

Answer: C
It is estimated that 15% of the global population has a disability, and this proportion is likely even higher in humanitarian crises.

Question 28

29. How is the EU facilitating the prepositioning of ground teams for the 2023 wildfire season?
    A. By developing a new wildfires support team within the Emergency Response Coordination Centre.
    B. By introducing the Wildfire Peer Review Assessment Framework.
    C. By expanding the programme to position more than 450 firefighters in Greece, France, and Portugal.
    D. By doubling the rescEU firefighting air fleet.

Answer 28

Answer: C
The EU facilitates and finances the prepositioning of firefighters and ground vehicles to be ready to help local fire brigades if wildfires break out.

Question 29

30. Apart from firefighting efforts, how is the EU working to enhance disaster resilience for the future?
    A. By introducing the Wildfire Peer Review Assessment Framework.
    B. By expanding the EU Civil Protection Mechanism.
    C. By adopting 5 European Disaster Resilience Goals.
    D. By increasing the rescEU firefighting air fleet.

Answer 29

Answer: C
The EU has adopted 5 European Disaster Resilience Goals to help communities better anticipate and withstand future emergencies, reinforcing its science-based approach and cutting-edge abilities in disaster management.

Question 30

What is the main purpose of the European Humanitarian Response Capacity?

A. To support UN and local humanitarian partners in long-term recovery efforts
B. To provide long-term support to the humanitarian authorities in EU Member States
C. To fill gaps in the humanitarian response to sudden-onset natural hazards and human-induced disasters and provide immediate support
D. To support local authorities in provision of civil protection

Answer 30

Answer C. To fill gaps in the humanitarian response to sudden-onset natural hazards and human-induced disasters

The European Humanitarian Response Capacity (EHRC) is a set of operational tools designed to fill gaps in the humanitarian response to sudden-onset natural hazards and human-induced disasters. It helps where humanitarian community struggles with delivering immediate support. First proposed by the Commission in 2021 and established in 2022. Since 2022, EHRC responded to 221 crises wordliwide

Question 31

Which one from the below is NOT a pillar of the European Humanitarian Response Capacity

A. European Emergency Toolbox
B. European Humanitarian Air Bridge
C. Prepositioned Stockpiles
D. Logistical and Public Health Expertise

Answer 31

A) European Emergency Toolbox is a broader set of financial and operational mechanisms designed to support humanitarian responses but is not directly linked to the European Humanitarian Response Capacity (EHRC).

The pillars of the EHRC specifically focus on operational capacities, such as: European Humanitarian Air Bridge: Providing logistical support to deliver aid; Prepositioned Stockpiles: Ensuring rapid access to essential supplies; Logistical and Public Health Expertise: Offering specialized support in crisis response.

Question 32

The first EUHAB flight was to

A. Central African Republic (Bangi)
B. DRC (Kisangani),
C. DRC (Kinshasa)
D. DRC Mbandaka)

Answer 32

Correct Answer A: The EU Humanitarian Air Bridge operations were launched on 8 May 2020, with the first flight to the Central African Republic (Bangi).

Question 33

What is the total number of the EU Humanitarian Air Bridge since 2020?

A. 285
B. 355
C. 385
D. 395

Answer 33

C: Since its inception in May 2020, the EU Humanitarian Air Bridge (EU HAB) has conducted a total of 385 flights, delivering over 11,762 tonnes of humanitarian aid to various countries.
2020: 54 flights to 20 countries, delivering 1,140 tonnes of aid.
2021: 19 flights, delivering 485 tonnes of aid.
2022: 54 flights, delivering 847 tonnes of aid.
2023: 84 flights, delivering 3,838 tonnes of aid.
2024 (as of October 18): 74 flights, delivering over 2,700 tonnes of aid.
These operations have provided critical assistance to countries such as Afghanistan, Somalia, Burkina Faso, Palestine, Lebanon, and others, addressing urgent humanitarian needs in response to crises and natural disasters.

Question 34

Enhanced Response Capacity is

A. Instrument set out to strengthen response capacity of disaster-prone outermost regions of Europe
B. Delivery instrument for early response humanitarian workers
C. Round-table of representatives of expert community with mandate to elaborate new European early warning system
D. Seed-funding to support innovative initiatives to disaster response and capacity building in this field.

Answer 34

D. The European Commission supports the international humanitarian system through Enhanced Response Capacity (ERC) funds, allocating €24 million in 2023. ERC funds seed innovative initiatives that introduce new approaches and ways of working, aiming for high impact and long-term viability. The goal is to maximize the benefit of each euro spent, improving the lives of the most vulnerable populations.

Question 35

EU Humanitarian Aid Flight operates from the hubs in the following countries of sub-Saharan African EXCEPT for
A. Kenya
B. Democratic Republic of Congo
C. Mali
D. Sudan

Answer 35

D. Sudan - what idiot would set the hub in Sudan where the civil war takes place between two major armies and three semi-neutral regional groups. In sub-Saharan Africa, the EU operates its own humanitarian air service fleet (EU Humanitarian Aid Flight) with hubs in Kenya, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Mali. This service, with around €14.8 million in funding, is also used free of charge by humanitarian organisations that the EU works with. n 2020, this service transported around 8,000 passengers and 200 tonnes of cargo to crisis-affected areas. The EU has added a helicopter in its EU Humanitarian Aid Flight fleet to facilitate humanitarian access to unsafe and hard-to-reach locations in the DRC. NOT MUCH OF UPDATE FROM 2020.

Question 36

The EU operates and supports the following air services except for

A. EU Humanitarian Aid Flights
B. United Nations Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS)
C Mission Aviation Fellowship (MAF)
D Caritas Aviation Fellowship (MAF)

Answer 36

Further to EU Humanitarian Aid Flights, the EU also provides financial assistance to other non-profit humanitarian air services. In 2020, the EU contributed €20 million to the United Nations Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS) operations in Cameroon, the Central African Republic (CAR), Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, South Sudan and Yemen, and €500,000 to the Mission Aviation Fellowship (MAF) operations in Afghanistan. Besides, the EU finances ad-hoc flights to support humanitarian operations during emergencies. Answer D: Caritas Aviation Fellowship does not exist.

Question 37

EHRC prepositioned stockpiles are located in the following cities, except for…
A. Brindisi
B. Kuala Lumpur
C. Nairobi
D. Dubai
E. Panama

Answer 37

Pre-positioned stockpiles of humanitarian aid supply is located in Brindisi, Kuala Lumpur, Dubai, and Panama. Correct answer is C - Nairobi is a hub for logistical teams, but not for pre-positioned stockpiles of humanitarian aid.

Question 38

3rd pillar of the EHRC is provision of logistical and public health expertise which has hubs in the following countries EXCEPT:

A. Panama
B. Bangkok
C. Nairobi
D. Kuala Lumpur

Answer 38

EHRC expertise hubs located in Panama Bangkok Nairobi. Correct answer is D - Kuala Lumpur is hub of pre-positioned stockpiles of humanitarian aid. Logistic experts are not based in Kuala Lumpur.

Question 39

The EU supported inclusion of population with disability through various actions: Match actions and dates/numbers: 30, 238, 2010, 2016, 2019, 2021, 2023

A. EU joining the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (
B. EU supports World Humanitarian Summit’s Charter on Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action
C. EU publishes Operational Guidelines on Disability Inclusion and starts applying special disability marker
D. EU publishes special disability strategy
E. EU funded 30 humanitarian aid projects specifically targeting at persons with disability.
F. In 2023, the EU funded…projects that took into consideration and mainstreamed the needs of persons with disabilities.

Answer 39

A. UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities** (2010)**
B. Support to the World Humanitarian Summit’s Charter on Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action (2016)
C. EU publishes Operational Guidelines on Disability Inclusion and starts applying special disability marker (2019)
D. EU publishes special disability strategy (2021)**
**E. In 2023, the EU funded 30 humanitarian aid projects specifically targeting at persons with disability.
F. In 2023, the EU funded. **238 projects that took into consideration and mainstreamed the needs of persons with disabilities. In 2023, as many as 56% of all projects mainstreamed disability to various extent. 6% of all projects included specific activities targeting persons with disabilities. Examples

Question 40

What is Emergency Toolbox of the European Commission.

A. EC instrument long-term projects on long-term disaster resilience projects in EU member states
B. EC instrument to assist unforeseen, sudden-onset crises outside of the EU.
C. To regulate trans-boundary agreements between humanitarian actors in EU and non-EU countries.
D. Part of Crisis Coordination Cell of the General Secretariat of the European Commission.

Answer 40

The Emergency toolbox is one of the instruments of the European Commission to assist unforeseen, sudden-onset crises OUTSIDE the EU, especially for vulnerable people. Funded at 29.5 million 2024, the Emergency Toolbox aims to i) rapidly respond to emergencies through short deadlines and ii) to ensure close collaboration between ERCC and geographical experts. It is designed to provide 1st-line funding in the immediate aftermath of crisis (maximum duration 6-12 months) after which the EU can decide about further support through other funding instruments. Toolbox can respond to emergencies that came unexpectedly and could not be anticipated because it is a separate – and complementary - instrument from other humanitarian funds that are allocated annually through Humanitarian Implementation plans to specific geographic areas. Correct answer is B.

Question 41

Which of the tools of the Emergency Toolbox is deployed in case of large scale natural or technological disasters which effect 100.000+ people?

A. Acute Large Emergency Response Tool
B. The Small Scale Tool
C. Epidemics Tool
4. Disaster Response Emergency Fund

Answer 41

Correct Answer A - ALERT. The Acute Large Emergency Response Tool (ALERT) responds to large-scale natural hazards and technological disasters where 100.000 people or over 50% of the population are affected. The aim is to allocate funds within 24-48 hours of an emergency onset. The ALERT instrument was activated for 14 disasters in 2023. E.g. it was used to address the consequences of tropical cyclones in Mozambique, Madagascar, Myanmar; floods in the Pakistan, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya; and earthquakes in Türkiye, Syria, Morocco

Question 42

Which of the tools of the Emergency Toolbox is deployed in case of large scale natural or technological disasters which effect less than 100.000 people?
A. Acute Large Emergency Response Tool
B. The Small Scale Tool
C. Epidemics Tool
4. Disaster Response Emergency Fund

Answer 42

Correct Answer B_ The Small-scale Tool is used to assist a limited number of people (below 100,000) affected by a natural or human-induced disaster. The maximum allocation per action is €500,000. The Small-scale tool was used on 17 occasions in 2023. Examples: population movement/internally displaced persons/refugees in Chad, Armenia, Mauritania. Floods in Peru, Haiti, Bangladesh, Libya, malnutrition in Nigeria, Brazil

Question 43

Which of the tools of the Emergency Toolbox was deployed during the outbreak of cholera in Malawi?

A. Acute Large Emergency Response Tool
B. The Small Scale Tool
C. Epidemics Tool
4. Disaster Response Emergency Fund

Answer 43

Correct Answer C - The Epidemics Tool is used to respond to and prevent epidemic outbreaks. Cholera in Malawi, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Sudan, South Sudan; Mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; Diphtheria in Nigeria.

Question 44

Which of the instruments of the Toolbox has been considered a hybrid instrument.

A. Acute Large Emergency Response Tool
B. The Small Scale Tool
C. Epidemics Tool
4. Disaster Response Emergency Fund

Answer 44

The Disaster Response Emergency Fund (DREF) was set up by the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). It supports national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. The EU provides an annual allocation to the DREF and can contribute with a maximum of €200,000 per action. The European Commission channelled funding to the DREF instrument 65 times in 50 countries in 2023. The national Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies were thus supported in their rapid response to emergencies around the world related mainly to floods, tropical cyclones, drought, population movement, civil unrest, and cholera.

Question 45

Match the figures below with actions/instruments related to the Emergency Toolbox: 29.5 million, 43.6 million, 42%, 27%, 17%, 14%.
A. Funding for Emergency Toolbox for 2023
B. Funding for Emergency Toolbox for 2024
C. Share of ALERT in ET budget
D. Share of Small-Scale Tool in ET budget
E. Share of Epidemics Tools in ET budget
F. Share of DREF in ET budget

Answer 45

A. Funding for Emergency Toolbox for 2023 - 43.6 million
B. Funding for Emergency Toolbox for 2024 - 29.5 million
C. Share of ALERT in ET budget - 42%
F. Share of DREF in ET budget -27%
E. Share of Epidemics Tools in ET budget - 17%
D. Share of Small-Scale Tool in ET budget - 14%

Question 46

In social protection dimension, what distinguishes the Guidance Package (GP) on Social Protection across the Humanitarian-Development Nexus (SPaN) in its approach to crises?
A. It prioritizes humanitarian aid while minimizing development efforts to ensure rapid stabilization.
B. It aims to transition short-term humanitarian interventions into development-focused strategies to foster resilience and sustainable growth.
C. It establishes an independent framework for humanitarian aid without integrating social protection mechanisms.
D. It focuses exclusively on economic growth without addressing peace and stabilization.

Answer 46

Correct Answer: B.
Explanation: SPaN seeks to integrate humanitarian interventions with development processes, emphasizing resilience, peace, stabilization, and economic growth as part of its comprehensive strategy.

Question 47

The creation of the Guidance Package (GP) on SPaN involved collaboration across several European Commission directorates. What was the primary aim of this inter-service initiative?

A. To unify all European humanitarian efforts under the Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations (DG NEAR).
B. To align efforts by DG INTPA, DG ECHO, and DG NEAR in bridging the humanitarian-development nexus through social protection mechanisms.
C. To establish a standalone initiative for humanitarian aid disconnected from development strategies.
D. To centralize the European Union’s humanitarian interventions under a single directorate.

.

Answer 47

Correct Answer: B.
Explanation: The inter-service initiative GUidance Package Social Protection Across Nexus (GP SPaN), led by DG INTPA, DG ECHO, and DG NEAR, focuses on creating synergies between humanitarian and developmental approaches to address crises more effectively

Question 48

In the context of crisis management, the abbreviation IPC stands for…

A. Integrated Political Committee
B. Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
C. Individual Security Procurement Code
D. Initial Phase of Crisis

Answer 48

The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) is an innovative multi-partner initiative for improving food security and nutrition analysis and decision-making. By using the IPC classification and analytical approach, Governments, UN Agencies, NGOs, civil society and other relevant actors, work together to determine the severity and magnitude of acute and chronic food insecurity, and acute malnutrition situations in a country, according to internationally-recognised scientific standards. The IPC was originally developed in 2004 to be used in Somalia by FAO’s Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit (FSNAU). Since then, a global partnership of 15 organizations is leading the development and implementation of the IPC at global, regional and country level. With over 10 years of application, the IPC has proved to be one of the best practices in the global food security field, and a model of collaboration in over 30 countries in Latin America, Africa and Asia. https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipcinfo-website/ipc-overview-and-classification-system/en/

Question 49

What share of the EU humanitarian funding foes to food assistance in 2022-2023?

Question 50

Which one of the below countries is not in the top-5 with highest level of food insecurity (IPC phase 5)?

A. Gaza
B. Burkina Faso
C. Somalia
D. Myanmar
E. South Sudan
F. Mali

Answer 50

Correct answer is D Myanmaer. In 2023, 5 countries had populations in IPC/CH Phase 5 (catastrophe – famine), the highest on the scale: Gaza, Burkina Faso, Somalia, South Sudan, and Mali, totalling over 700,000 people – the highest number in GRFC reporting history and almost double that of 2022. https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/what/humanitarian-aid/food-assistance_en

Question 51

For forced displacement match numbers and text below:

68.3 million, 120.4 million, 43,4 million, 5,4 million, 2/3, 75%, and 20%

In 2024, there were … forcibly displaced people worldwide. From them …. were refugees and people under protection, ….were internally displaced persons and million asylum seekers. Around ….of refugees live in poverty. …. of refugees are hosted in low- and middle-income countries and ….. in least developed countries

Answer 51

In 2024, there were 120.4 million forcibly displaced people worldwide. Frim them 43.4 million were refugees and people under protection, 68.3 million were internally displaced persons and 5.4 million asylum seekers. Around 2/3 of refugees live in poverty. 75% of refugees are hosted in low- and middle-income countries and 20% in least developed countries

Question 52

Top 5 countries from which refugees originate (75% in total) are:
A. Syria
B. Mali
C. Ukraine
D. Afghanistan
E. Sudan
F. Venezuela

Answer 52

Correct answer: B. Mali. Top 5 countries from which refugees originate (75% in total):
● Syria
● Ukraine
● Afghanistan
● Sudan
● Venezuela

Question 53

Which of the countries below is NOT among the 3 refugee hosting countries:
A. Iran
B Columbia
C. Türkiye
D. Germany

Answer 53

Top 3 refugee hosting countries are Iran (3.4 million), Türkiye (3.4 million), ● Germany (2.5 million)Correct answer is B Columbia was in the top 3, in 2023. European Commission humanitarian funding: Most of the humanitarian budget of €1.7 billion spent to help forcibly displaced populations and their host communities in 2023

Question 54

What is GAM?
A. General Alert Management System of the European Commission
B. General Alleviation Measures of the Global Drought Observatory
C. Gender-Age Marker of Humanitarian Action
D. Great America Again Make

Answer 54

Correct. answer is C: Gender-Age Marker. To ensure the effective implementation of gender considerations in aid, the European Commission introduced a Gender-Age Marker in 2014 (GAM). This tool measures how EU-funded humanitarian actions integrate gender and age considerations. Since 2018, there has been an increase in the number of EU action that integrated of gender-age considerations from 65 to 96%. https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/policies/sectoral/gender_age_marker_toolkit.pdf

Question 55

What is a Spotlight initiative?
A) A joint initiative by the EU and UN focused on promoting women’s political leadership.
B) A global programme aimed at eliminating all forms of violence against women and girls.
C) A project focused on providing educational scholarships for girls in developing countries.
D) A financial aid programme launched by the EU to support women’s entrepreneurship.

Answer 55

Correct Answer: B) Global Spotlight Initiative launched by the EU and the UN, with an initial EU investment of €500 million, aims to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls. https://www.spotlightinitiative.org/