Echo Basics Part 2

Question 1

Four phases of cardiac cycle

Answer 1

IVCT
Systole
IVRT
Diastole

Question 2

IVCT (what, volume/pressure, systole/diastole)

Answer 2

Isovolumic contraction time
Time between MV closure and AV valve opening
No change in ventricle volume
Pressure in LV rising
Ventricles are just started to contract

Question 3

S1 of heart

Answer 3

First heart sound
Sound of MV/TV closing

Question 4

IVCT is a part of the broader term _____

Answer 4

Systole

Question 5

ventricular systole when

Answer 5

starts when LV P > aorta= AV opens
ends when LV p < aorta = AV closes

Question 6

ventricular systole on ECG

Answer 6

beginning of the QRS complex until the end of the T wave

Question 7

ventricular systole:
muscle contraction begins at the ___ and moves towards the ___ of the heart

Answer 7

apex
base

Question 8

the atria slowly _____ during ventricular systole and _______

Answer 8

increase
early diastole

Question 9

IVRT (what, when, volume, pressure)

Answer 9

isovolumic relaxation time
after AV has closed but before MV opens
volume= constant
pressure in ventricles is falling
pressure in the atria is rising

Question 10

when are atria filling

Answer 10

all the time

Question 11

S2 of heart

Answer 11

second heart sound
sound of AV/PV closing

Question 12

IVRT is part of the broader term _____

Answer 12

diastole

Question 13

diastole starts when

Answer 13

LV/RV pressure falls below that of the atria

Question 14

3 phases of diastole

Answer 14

1. early filling (rapid filling)
2. Diastasis (pressure equalized)
3. Late filling (atrial systole or “kick”)

Question 15

diastole on ECG

Answer 15

end of T wave to onset of QRS complex

Question 16

diastole - early filling (when, what, how much)

Answer 16

LA P > LV P = MV opens
LV chamber expanding with rapidly dropping P = LV sucks blood from LA
70% of LV filling done

Question 17

Diastole - diastasis (when, what, other)

Answer 17

after early filling has slowed down
LV P ~= LA P = MV hangs in semi-open position
atria depolarize in the end of this phase followed by atria contraction

Question 18

Diastole - late filling (when, how much)

Answer 18

atria depolarize/contract = LA P > LV P = MV open again
pushes last 30 % into LV

Question 19

colour scale for echo

Answer 19

55-70 cm/s

Question 20

frame rate for echo (and everything I think)

Answer 20

20 Hz and up