Echo Basics Part 2 Flashcards
Four phases of cardiac cycle
IVCT
Systole
IVRT
Diastole
IVCT (what, volume/pressure, systole/diastole)
Isovolumic contraction time
Time between MV closure and AV valve opening
No change in ventricle volume
Pressure in LV rising
Ventricles are just started to contract
S1 of heart
First heart sound
Sound of MV/TV closing
IVCT is a part of the broader term _____
Systole
ventricular systole when
starts when LV P > aorta= AV opens
ends when LV p < aorta = AV closes
ventricular systole on ECG
beginning of the QRS complex until the end of the T wave
ventricular systole:
muscle contraction begins at the ___ and moves towards the ___ of the heart
apex
base
the atria slowly _____ their volume during ventricular systole and _______ from the pulmonary veins
increase
early diastole
IVRT (what, when, volume, pressure)
isovolumic relaxation time
after AV has closed but before MV opens
volume= constant
pressure in ventricles is falling
pressure in the atria is rising
when are atria filling
all the time
S2 of heart
second heart sound
sound of AV/PV closing
IVRT is part of the broader term _____
diastole
diastole starts when
LV/RV pressure falls below that of the atria
3 phases of diastole
- early filling (rapid filling)
- Diastasis (pressure equalized)
- Late filling (atrial systole or “kick”)
diastole on ECG
end of T wave to onset of QRS complex
diastole - early filling (when, what, how much)
LA P > LV P = MV opens
LV chamber expanding with rapidly dropping P = LV sucks blood from LA
70% of LV filling done
Diastole - diastasis (when, what, other)
after early filling has slowed down
LV P ~= LA P = MV hangs in semi-open position
atria depolarize in the end of this phase followed by atria contraction
Diastole - late filling (when, how much)
atria depolarize/contract = LA P > LV P = MV open again
pushes last 30 % into LV
colour scale for echo
55-70 cm/s
frame rate for echo (and everything I think)
20 Hz and up
how do lungs look and what way to move to get away from them
bright/dirty shadow
move medially to get away from lung
what position for most patients scanning heart (apical/parasternal)
Left lateral decubitus
