Echinoderms and Chordates

Question 1

Phylum Echinodermata

Answer 1

All marine
Many have spines
Radial and Bilateral symmetry
- Pentamorous (multiples of five)
Water vascular system for locomotion
- enters body through Madreporite
- Tube Feet

Question 2

System of Locomotion

Answer 2

Echinoderm: water vascular
Fish: muscular

Question 3

Phylum Chordata

Answer 3

Basic features:
- dorsal hollow nerve chord
- Notochord
- Pharyngeal gill slits
- Post anal tail

Question 4

Subphyla Urochordata

Answer 4

tunicates (sea squirts)

Question 5

Subphyla Cephalochordata

Answer 5

Amphioxus (lancelet)
Usually buried in sand
All four features present as adult

Question 6

Subphyla Vertebrata

Answer 6

As adults the notochord is replaced by a cartilaginous or body column
Class:
- Cephalaspidomorphi
- Chondrichthyes
- Osteichthyes
- Amphibia
- Reptilia
- Aves
- Mammalia

Question 7

Class Cephalaspidomorphi

Answer 7

Lamprey
Jawless fish
- no jaws
- Skin lacking scales
- 7 Gill slits
2 chambered heart

Question 8

Class Chondrichthyes

Answer 8

Skates, Rays, Sharks, Ratfish
Jawed fish
Skeleton made of Cartilage
Ampullae of Lorenzini
2 Chambered heart

Question 9

Class Osteichthyes

Answer 9

Subclass Actinopterygii
Bony fish
Have bony plate covering their operculum
have ganoid, cycloid, or ctenoid scales
sexual reproductive strategy varies by species
2 chambered heart

Question 10

Class Amphibia

Answer 10

3 chambered heart
Frogs, toads, and salamanders
Eggs deposited in water
- larvae known as tadpoles
Notochord disappears in adults but present in larvae
Underdeveloped lungs
- moist skin

Question 11

Class Reptilia

Answer 11

3 chambered heart
Turtles, snakes, lizards
Amniotes
Covered by scales
- reduces desiccation (drying out)
Internal fetilization

Question 12

Class Aves

Answer 12

Direct ancestors of dinosaurs
Feathers
Most fly
Endotherms
- warm-blooded
4 chambered heart