ECGs Flashcards by Motheo Moledi

Q

What are the palcements of the leads?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

The 12 leads include:

A

3 standard leads (I,II,III)

3 augmented leads (aVR, aVL, aVF)

6 precordial leads (V1 - V6)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Views of the heart:

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is the SA node?

A

Dominant pacemaker with an intrinsic rate of 60-100 bpm.

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is the AV node?

A

Back-up pacemaker with an intrinsic rate of 40-60 bpm.

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What are ventricular cells?

A

VERY SLOW back-up pacemaker with an intrinsic rate of 20-45 bpm.

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is the route of normal impulse conduction?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What do the boxes on the ECG represent?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Normal ECG wave pattern:

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is the ECG reporting systematic approach?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What are the steps involved in rhythm analysis?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

How do you calculate the rate?

A

Count the number of R-waves in a 10-second rhythm strip, then x6.

30 blocks = x10

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is the peak to peak method?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

How do you determine regularity?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

How do you assess the P waves?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is the normal range for a PR interval?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is a normal QRS duration?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is an axis?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Normal Axis:

A

-30 to 90

(downwards and leftwards)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Left Axis:

A

-30 to -90

(upwards and leftwards)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Right Axis:

A

90 to 180
(downwards and rightwards)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Extreme Right Axis:

A

90 to 180

(upwards and rightwards)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Left axis deviation associated with:

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Right axis deviation associated with:

A

COPD
Pulmonary hypertension

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

How do arrhythmias arise? (4)

Interpretation?

Interpretation?

Interpretation?

What are premature atrial contractions?

Interpretation?

What are premature ventricular contractions?

What is the aetiology of PVCs?

Interpretation?

Explain atrial fibrillation.

Interpretation?

What is an atrial flutter?

Interpretation?

What is a PVST?

Interpretation?

What is the aetiology of ventricular tachycardia?

Interpretation?

Aetiology of ventricular fibrillation?

Aetiology of 2nd-degree AV block, type 1

Interpretation?

Aetiology of 2nd-degree AV block, type II

Interpretation?

Aetiology of 3rd degree AV block

Right atrial enlargement

Left atrial enlargement

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Are any chambers enlarged?

What are BBB?

RBBB?

LBBB?

LBBB or RBBB?

LBBB

LBBB or RBBB?

RBBB

Ischaemia ECG changes:

Injury ECG changes:

Infarct ECG changes:

Acute MI:

ECG changes for MI:

ST elevation

Evolution of ST elevation infarction:

Leads: V1-V2 Site:

Anteroseptal wall

Leads: V3-V4 Site:

Anterior wall

Leads: II,III,aVF Site:

Inferior wall

Leads: V5-V6,I,aVL Site:

Lateral wall

Leads: V1-V2 Site: second location

Posterior wall (reciprocal changes)

What is the issue?

What is the issue?

What is the issue?

What are the ECG changes seen with a non-ST elevation infarction?

ST-segment depression:

What are reciprocal changes?

Lead 1: Lead aVF: Normal axis (0 to +90)

Positive Positive

Lead 1: Lead aVF: Possible left-axis deviation (0 to -90)

Positive Negative Confirm with lead 2

Lead 1: Lead aVF: Right axis deviation (+90 to 180)

Negative Positive

Lead 1: Lead aVF: Extreme axis (-90 to 180)

Negative Negative