ECG (Interpretations, Rhythms, Differentials) Flashcards by Avid Learner

Q

What are the main types of SVTs?

A

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Q

Ventricular rhythms

broad QRS, 3+ PVCs in a row

A

Ventricular tachycardia

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Q

Ectopic beats

early QRS, narrow QRS

A

AV junctional ectopics

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A

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Q

SA nodal rhythms

>100bpm

A

Sinus tachycardia

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Q

AV block

non-conducted P waves: PR constant

A

Second-degree

Mobitz Type II

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Q

AV block

long PR

A

First-degree

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Q

Prominent U waves

A

• Hypokalemia
• Hypercalcemia
• Hyperthyroidism

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Q

What are the main types of Escape rhythms?

A

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Q

Atrial rhythms

sawtooth P, atrial rate 300/min, AV bl.

A

Atrial flutter

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Q

Atrial rhythms

>100bpm, abnormally shaped P waves

A

Atrial tachycardia

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Q

What are the main types of Ventricular rhythms?

A

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Q

Ventricular rhythms

broad QRS, HR <120bpm

A

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm

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Q

AV blocks

atria and ventricles are independent

A

Third-degree

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Q

Wide P wave

A

LAE

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Q

SA nodal rhythm

HR increases during inspiration

A

Sinus arrhythmia

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Q

SVTs

narrow QRS, inverted P, P half-buried

A

• AV re-entry tachycardia

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Ventricular rhythms broad QRS, polymorphic, long QT

Torsades de pointes

Long PR interval

Short PR interval

* Lown–Ganong–Levine syndrome (LGL) is a pre-excitation syndrome of the heart due to abnormal electrical communication between the atria and the ventricles.

Conduction disturbances V1: tiny R, S, R’; V6: small Q, R, S

Right bundle branch block

J waves present

Hypothermia

SVTs narrow QRS, P buried inside QRS

AV nodal re-entry tachycardia

Large R or S waves

Escape rhythms narrow QRS, absent P, 40-60bpm

AV junctional escape rhythm

Tall P wave

RAE

Tall T waves

What are the Atrial rhythms?

Conduction disturbances V1: small Q, R, S; V6: R, S, R’

Left bundle branch block

AV block non-conducted P waves: progressive lengthening of PR

Second-degree Mobitz Type I

ST segment depression

Long QTc interval

Types of SA nodal rhythms

SA nodal rhythms dysfunction of sinus node: P fails, next P where expected

SA block

Abnormal shaped QRS complexes

Wide QRS complexes

Diffuse J point

Early repolarization, LVH with strain, pericarditis, acute MI

Small QRS complexes

SA nodal rhythms dysfunction of sinus node: \<60bpm

Sinus bradycardia

What are the main types of Ectopic beats?

SA nodal rhythms dysfunction of sinus node: P fails, next P not where expected

Sinus arrest

Pathological Q waves

Ectopic beats early QRS, broad QRS

Ventricular ectopics

Ventricular rhythms no identifiable waves, erratic

Ventricular fibrillation

Atrial rhythms no P waves, irregularly irregular

Atrial fibrillation

What are the main Conduction disturbances?

Short QTc interval

SA nodal rhythm P wave for every QRS, QRS for every P wave

Sinus rhythm

ST segment elevation

Inverted T waves

Ectopic beats early P wave, abnormal P wave shape

Atrial ectopic beats

What is the defining feature for each type of AV block?

Small T waves

Escape rhythms • broad QRS, absent P, 15-40bpm

Ventricular junct. escape rhythm