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Cardiovascular Physiology > ECG II > Flashcards

ECG II Flashcards

1
Q

What cardiac functions do ECGs provide info on?

A

Electrical rhythm
Cardiac chamber mass
Cardiac conduction disorders

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2
Q

How is heart rate calculated off an ECG recording?

A

Calculated from time between peaks of successive R waves

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3
Q

How many beats is bradycardic?

A

less than 60bpm

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4
Q

How many beats is tachycardic?

A

More than 100bpm

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5
Q

What is a normal sinus rhythm?

A

each P wave is followed by a QRS complex
relatively constant intervals

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6
Q

What is the PR interval?

A

Time taken for electrical signal to reach AV node

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7
Q

What is the QRS interval?

A

Time for complete depolarization of ventricles

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8
Q

What is the QT interval?

A

Time for complete depolarization and repolarization of ventricles

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9
Q

What is a second degree heart block?

A

QRS complexes missing from ECG recording
ventricular depolarization missing
failure of excitation to pass to ventricles

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10
Q

What is third degree heart block?

A

Wave of excitation does not reach ventricles
QRS not shaped properly and dissociation from p wave
Extra P wave

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of blocks?

A

Atrioventricular block
Bundle block

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12
Q

What is the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

A

Excitation of ventricles is not delayed by AV node
Delta waves reflects early excitation - PR interval reduced

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13
Q

What pathway is involved in Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome

A

Accessory pathway between atrium and ventricle (bundle of kent)

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14
Q

What is the electrical axis of the heart?

A

Average direction of the wave of depolarization through the ventricles

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15
Q

How is the electrical axis calculated?

A

magnitude of the R wave in leads I,II,II
magnitude of R wave in lead I and aVf (Einhoven’s triangle)

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16
Q

What is the normal axis?

A

-30 to 90 degrees

17
Q

What is extreme axis deviation?

A

+180 -> -90 degrees

18
Q

What is cardiac ischaemia?

A

Blood supply is not sufficient to meet metabolic requirements of cardiac tissues

19
Q

What is cardiac infarction?

A

Necrosis arising from ischemia
Heart muscle can’t regenerate

20
Q

What influence does ischemia have on the ECG?

A

Spread of excitation disrupted
damaged cells undergo depolarization
Myocytes don’t have a longer action potential so they start repolarizing earlier

21
Q

What determines the depression or elevation of the ST segment?

A

The location and extent of the damage

22
Q

What happens in Atrial fibrillation to the ECG?

A

Can’t locate T/P waves
Irregular baseline
Causes clotting - ventricular filling is insufficient

23
Q

What happens in ventricular fibrillation?

A

Can’t recognize any waves
Complete loss of coordination
Pumping quickly without letting heart fill
Brain no longer supplied with blood

Cardiovascular Physiology (21 decks)

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