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Cardiovascular Physiology > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ECG?

A

Cardiac excitation generates electrical currents in the ECF that can be detected on the skin

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2
Q

How is an electrical potential generated?

A

One cell is at rest and the one next to it is depolarized

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3
Q

What are 2 features of the electrical signal?

A

Direction according to excitation sequence
Magnitude according to cardiac muscle mass

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4
Q

What can the ECG investigate?

A

Abnormal conduction and cardiac hypertrophy

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5
Q

What direction is a positive deflection?

A

Towards an electrode

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6
Q

What direction is a negative deflection?

A

Away from an elctrode

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7
Q

How is the detected signal determined?

A

Average direction of the electrical current and the positioning of the electrodes

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8
Q

What is the P wave on an ECG recording?

A

Atrial depolarization
spread of impulses from SA node

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9
Q

What does the delay period from P to R represent?

A

Time taken for the action potential to get to the AV node

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10
Q

What is the Q wave on an ECG recording?

A

Depolarization of septum passes from left to right
negative deflection

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11
Q

What is the R wave on an ECG recording?

A

Depolarization of ventricles spreading from apex

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12
Q

What is the S wave on an ECG recording?

A

Depolarization of ventricles spreading towards atria

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13
Q

What does the QRS complex allow?

A

Ventricular contraction

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14
Q

What is the T wave on an ECG recording?

A

Repolarization of ventricles from epicardium towards endocardium

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15
Q

Why is the T wave an upwards deflection?

A

The last muscle cells to depolarise are also the first to repolarise

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16
Q

What happens in the S to T delay period?

A

Ventricular contraction and emptying

17
Q

What happens from Q to T?

A

Ventriculars are at rest and are filling

18
Q

What do bipolar limb leads record?

A

Each wrist
Left ankle
Forms a triangle around the heart

19
Q

What do unipolar leads measure?

A

Chest leads V1-V6

20
Q

What is the electrical axis of the heart?

A

-30 degrees to 90 degrees

21
Q

What is the measure of the aVf angle?

A

90 degrees

22
Q

What is the measure of the aVL angle?

A

-30 degrees

23
Q

What is the measure of the aVr angle?

A

-150 degrees

24
Q

What plane do bipolar limb leads record?

A

Frontal plane

25
Q

What plane do unipolar limb leads record?

A

Transverse plane

Cardiovascular Physiology (21 decks)

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