ECG Changes Flashcards
Hyperkalaemia
- Tall tented T waves
- Absent P waves
- Prolonged PR
- Wide QRS
Hypokalaemia
- Flat T wave
- U wave present
- ST depression
- PR prolongation
Hypercalcaemia
- Short QT
- j waves possible
Hypocalcaemia
- Long QT
NSTEMI
- ST depression
- T wave inversion
- Pathological Q waves
STEMI
- ST elevation
- T wave inversion
- New left bundle branch block
Pericarditis
PeRicardiTiS
- Widespread saddle shaped ST elevation
- PR depression, followed by T wave flattening and eventual inversion
Pericardial Effusions
- Low QRS complex voltage
Atrial fibrillation
- Irregularly irregular rhythm/QRS complexes
- Absent P waves
- Absent isoelectric baseline
- QRS complex <120ms
- Fibrillatory waves
Heart failure
- Broad QRS
Pulmonary Embolism
S1Q3T3
- Large S wave in lead 1
- Large Q wave in lead 3
- Inverted T wave lead 3
Leads showing change, site of heart and coronary artery affected
Septal - V1, V2 - Left anterior descending
Anterior - V3, V4 - Left anterior descending
Inferior - II,III, aVF - Right coronary
Lateral- I, aVL, aVR, V5, V6 - Lateral circumflex
Left Bundle Branch Block
WiLLiaM
- QRS looks like W in V1 and V2, looks like an M in V4-V6
- Deep S wave in V1, tall late R wave in V6
Right Bundle Branch Block
MaRRoW
- QRS looks like a M in V1 and V2, looks like an W in V4-V6
- Tall late R wave V1, Slurred S wave V6
All 4 heart blocks
- First degree AV block: PR >0.2s
- Mobitz type 1: increasing PR until QRS drops. PR resets and cycle repeats
- Mobitz type 2: PR remains constant, QRS drops intermittently
- Third degree: P waves and QRS completely dissociated
