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CVS > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

physiological Q wave

A

since heart is 3D the Q waves exists b some depolarisation current is moving away from the + electrode

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2
Q

S wave

A

movement away at eh end o depolarisation

-dereieves from the end of the base of the ventricles (terminal part of ventricular depolarisation)

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3
Q

T

A

ventricular repolarisation

- still ^ b moving away from the positive electrode in Lead 2

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4
Q

P

A

a d not the contraction

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5
Q

QRS

A

V d not the contraction b follows it

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6
Q

issues with lateral wall of LV

A

L1 avL

- coronary artery disease / accusation

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7
Q

inferior

A

avF

gets its supply from the right coronary artery

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8
Q

anterior wall conditon

A
  • widow maker
  • pericardial leads
    e. g
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9
Q

widow maker

A

v3 v4

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10
Q

prolonged pq interval

A

use

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11
Q

prolonged interval of P Q

A

LONGER

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12
Q

2nd degree heart. block morbid type 2

A

p qrs p qrs p no qrs

  • symptomatic ; risk of complete stop ; MI
  • measure intervals and make sure qrs follows the p wave
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13
Q

third degree heart block

A

atrial and ventricles fire continuously but the ventricular pacemaker cells fire slowly,
- SAn and AVn slow not susceptible

  • need pacemaker
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14
Q

bundle branch block

A
  • problem in the bundle branch of either R or L so see a wider complex
  • L branch damage sign of heart damage
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15
Q

arrhythmia

A
  • supraventricualr; start in sinus node/ atrium cells/ AVN

- ventricular; start at the heart

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16
Q

S

A
  • QRS normal
  • narrow complex
  • rate is super super high
  • most common arrhythmia ; happens d atria firing quivering ,b is still delivered to LV and rV so okay pressure, not hypotensive
  • irregularly irregular
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17
Q

VF

A
  • ## they can go back to normal b thunking their own heart or shock them back to life
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18
Q

AVF

A
  • SOW <60
  • ABNORMLA
  • fast
  • tachybrady syndrome ;
  • base line
  • atria isn’t working. well, so b just stays the atria wc then clots wc can embolise to the brain c stroke
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19
Q

PBC

A
  • ventricular
  • wide complex
  • premature before next qrs complex is predicted to happen
  • can be asymptomatic
  • if isolated no issue
  • can progress to ventricular tachycardia (sustained )
  • more than 3 ventricular tachycardia
20
Q

apex of heart?

A
  • 5th intercostal
21
Q

what doe the bipolar allow

A
  • communication since one is - and one is + so they can communicate
22
Q

types of heart Block

A
  • SAn to AVn singa defectos

- brachycardia, dizziness, syncope

23
Q

1st degree

A
  • 1st degree AV block

- prolonged PR intervals >0.2 seconds (<5 boxes)

24
Q

2nd

A
  • WENKEBACH (mobitz 1) ;PR- longer than drop no QRS (longer longer longer drop that is a wenkebach)
  • mobitz tpye2 ; say longer then drop >0.2 seconds
25
Q

3rd

A
  • AV and SAN work independently so constant P and constant QRS
  • overlap of P and QRS b they are independent
  • ventricular pacemaker (myocytes) take over and they work at 20-40bpm wc is too slow to maintain bp so p urgently needs a pacemaker
26
Q

bundle branch block

A
  • obstruction on one of the bundle branches
  • LBBBor RBBB
  • unaffected branch depolarises first so you get two little R peaks and its broader QRS complex b of the delayed depolarisation
  • > 3 squares
  • look at leads V1 and see W look at lead V6 and see M
27
Q

Arrhythmia

A
  • abnormal rhythms

- can arise supraventrocular ie ATRIA (san avn atria)

28
Q

difference bw supra ventricular and ventricular

A 
SV = normal but narrow QRS
V = wide and weird QRS
29
Q

SV

A
  • most comon
  • foci in atria uncoordinated firing , only some impulses travel through the AVN so depending on how many can get through the AVN determines the symptoms; if lots = tachycardia, little; brachycardia, or sometimes tachybradycadia
  • b is still being delivered,
  • no P wave b san not firing
  • only some electric
30
Q

a fib types

A
  • coarse

fine

31
Q

what does fib c

A
  • some b in the atria is static and so it clots c embolism ; going to brain, LA, coronary arteries
32
Q

premature ventricular contration

A
  • wide QRS complex
  • happens before next QRS
  • can be asympomiatic or can feel palpitates
  • dont c issue if random b can lead to ventricular fib
  • more than pvc = ventricular tachycardia
33
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A
  • random ventricles myocytes firing
  • lethal b b is not being sent around therefor v in bp
  • no cardiac output and leads to death
34
Q

classification of arrhythmia

A
  • hr<60 = Brady cardia can be heart block / simple bradycardia
  • tachycardia >100 = tachycardia <120 = narrow complex af/flutter /SVT/sinus tachycardia if <120ms = broad complex VT/VF
35
Q

ECG in ischameia

A

-look at leads at the side of the heart

36
Q

ischaemia test

A
  • look at troponin it will be negative since the tissues hasn’t died yet
37
Q

mi tst

A
  • troponin positive
38
Q

types of inafarcrs

A
  • full thickness STEMI ST segment elevation MI

- non-stemi = not full thickness of cardiac wall

39
Q

stemi

A

d occulsion of the coronary artery

-look at leads

40
Q

why do Myocardial necrosis andscar tissue lead to pathological Q wave

A

-no one knowns

41
Q

whats a Q wave and types

A

negative defelciton

  • pathological and non
  • depnds on lead their sizes but leads 3 and avR has slightly bigger
  • Q should never be bigger than 25% of r
42
Q

are all q waves a sign of old infarcts?

A

no PE too

43
Q

non scemi

A
  • infarct only the endocardial so outside is infarcts b of coronary artery is half occluded and you can get b to the outside b closer to it but the endocardial part dies
  • t wave normally upright in all leads except avR and V1 where they are negative inverstion
  • pathological t wave >3mm deep
44
Q

how to differentiate

A

tropinon release

45
Q

hypokalaemia

A
  • U wave post the

- T waves flip and get deeper

46
Q

hyporkalemia

A
  • fast hypekaelima b na+ channels being inactivated so you get
  • tall peaked T waves , then you loose T waves b lose ventricular repolarisation
  • wide QRS not normal conduction

CVS (23 decks)

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