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Medicine: Data Interpretation > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

How to calculate rate on ECG ?

A

QRS complexes x 6

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2
Q

What condition has a sawtooth appearance on ECG ?

A

Atrial flutter

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3
Q

What does the p wave represent ?

A

Atrial depolarisation

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4
Q

What does the flat line between the p wave and qrs complex represent ?

A

Delay of stimulus in the bundle of his to allow atria enough time to pump all the blood into the ventricles

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5
Q

What does the QRS complex represent ?

A

Ventricular contraction

- changing direction of electrical stimulus as it passes through the hearts conduction system

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6
Q

What does the Q wave represent ?

A

Depolarisation in the septum
- whilst electrical stimulus passes through the bundle of his, and before it separates down the two bundle branches, it starts to depolarise the septum from left to right

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7
Q

What does the R wave represent ?

A

Electrical stimulus as it passes through the main portion of ventricular walls
(Hence the bigger wave)

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8
Q

What does the S wave represent ?

A

Depolarisation of purkinje fibres

- purkinje fibres spread through ventricles from top to bottom and then back up through ventricle walls

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9
Q

What does the T wave represent ?

A

Ventricular repolarisation

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10
Q

Normal duration of PR interval ?

A

0.12-0.20 s (3-5 small squares)

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11
Q

Normal duration of QRS complex ?

A

0.08-0.12 (2-3 small squares)

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12
Q

Normal duration of QT interval ?

A

0.35-0.43s (~9-11 small squares)

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13
Q

What does a U wave represent ?

A

Repolarisation of purkinje fibres

T= AV node and bundle branches specifically

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14
Q

What is the characteristic sign of Supraventricular tachycardias on ECG ?

A
  • narrow QRS (defines its Supraventricular origin)**
  • regular rapid pattern
  • rate 170-230 (too fast to likely be sinus tachy)
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15
Q

Appearance of AF on ECG .

A
  • chaotic rhythm with recognisable QRS
  • absent p waves **
  • fibrillation baseline
  • irregular distances between QRS complexes
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16
Q

Appearance of atrial flutter on ECG ?

A
  • flutter rate 250-350
  • 2:1 or 4:1 response (I.e. Every 4th impulse goes to ventricles)
  • saw tooth baseline
17
Q

ECG findings of ventricular fibrillation ?

A
  • chaotic irregular deflections of varying amplitude
  • no p waves, QRS or T waves
  • rate 150-500bpm
18
Q

ECG findings in ventricular tachycardia ?

A
  • very broad QRS (>160ms)**
  • extreme axis deviation (QRS +ve in aVR and -ve in I and aVF)
  • AV dissociation
19
Q

How many seconds does a big square represent on ECG ?

A

0.2s

20
Q

Which leads do you look at on ECG to determine axis ?

A

I and III

- if both point up = normal

21
Q

How can you tell if someone has left axis deviation on ECG ?

A

QRS positive in lead I and negative in lead III

  • as they are Leaving each other so Left axis deviation
  • not significant until lead II also predominant negative too
22
Q

How can you tell if someone has right axis deviation on ECG ?

A

If QRS is negative in lead I and positive in lead II

  • aRRiving so Right axis deviation
23
Q

Cause of left axis deviation

A

Usually due to conduction defect NOT left ventricular hypertrophy:

  • left anterior fascicular Block
  • inferior MI
  • normal variant in obese people
  • WPW
24
Q

Causes of right axis deviation ?

A
  • normal variant in children and tall thin adults
  • RVH
  • chronic lung disease
  • antero-lat MI
25
Q

A prolonged PR Interval on ECG suggests which condition ?

A

First degree heart block

26
Q

A lengthening PR interval and eventual drop of QRS (e.g. For every 2 p waves drops 1 QRS) suggests which condition ?

A

Second degree heart block (mobitz)

27
Q

What would be seen on an ECG in third degree heart block ?

A
  • no relation between p waves and QRS

- p waves still regular

28
Q

Which leads do you look in to see if there is a bundle branch block?

A

V1 and V6

29
Q

Which leads represent the inferior view of the heart ?

A

II, III, aVF

30
Q

The lateral view of the heart is represented by which leads?

A

I, aVL, aVR, V5, V6

31
Q

V3 and V4 represent which view of the heart ?

A

Anterior

32
Q

Leads V1 and V2 represent which aspect of the heart ?

A

Septal

Medicine: Data Interpretation (6 decks)

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