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anesthesia 2 > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

cardiac cycle

A

sequence of events that occur during one complete heartbeat

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2
Q

ECG

A

graphic recording of electrical potentials produced by heart muscle during different phases of cardiac cycle

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3
Q

diastole

A

relaxation of the heart, occurs prior to and during the filling of chambers

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4
Q

systole

A

contraction of the heart

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5
Q

arrythmia

A

abnormal heartbeat

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6
Q

interval

A

length of a wave w/ or w/o a segment.

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7
Q

beginning of one wave to the beginning or end of another

A

interval

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8
Q

segment

A

portion of ECGs between two waves

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9
Q

positive deflection

A

wave above the baseline

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10
Q

negative deflection

A

wave below the baseline

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11
Q

polarization

A

stage when heart is at rest

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12
Q

depolarization

A

heart muscle contraction in response to electical stimulus

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13
Q

what occurs when electrolytes move across the cell membrane-Na/K pump

A

depolarization

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14
Q

repolarization

A

heart muscle relaxation occurs when the electrolytes move back across the cell membrane

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15
Q

what makes the cell ready for the next electrical impulse

A

repolarization

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16
Q

sinoatrial node AKAs

A

SA node and pacemaker

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17
Q

Right AV valve

A

Tricuspid valve

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18
Q

Left AV valve

A

mitral valve

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19
Q

left heart

A

left atrium/ventricle, mitral valve, aorta, pulmonary vein

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20
Q

right heart

A

right atrium/ventricle, tricuspid valve, caudal/cranial vena cava, pulmonary artery

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21
Q

LUB produced when

A

closure of AV valve at the time of contraction of the muscle fibers of the ventricles

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22
Q

DUB produced when

A

vibrations of the vessel walls, blood column, and closing of semilunar valves

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23
Q

automaticity

A

property that allows a cell to reach its threshold potential spontaneously

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24
Q

excitability

A

property that describes the ease with which a cell can become depolarized

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25
Q

all or nothing rule goes with what property

A

excitability

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26
Q

refractoriness

A

the heart muscle will not respond to external stimuli during its period of contraction

27
Q

conductivity

A

property that allows electrical current to travel from one part of the heart to another

28
Q

we have the most concern with what property during ECG

A

contractility

29
Q

contractility.. best measured by

A

ocurs in response to electrical current, best measured by echocardiogram

30
Q

measures electrical activity

A

ECG

31
Q

how forceful the contraction is

A

echocardiogram

32
Q

What only measures the stimulus for contraction, not the contraction itself

A

ECG

33
Q

what is the tool of choice for assessing contractility

A

echocardiography

34
Q

circulation from heart to lungs have what kind of pressure

A

low pressure

35
Q

circulation from the lungs into the pulmonary vein (passes through body) has what kind of pressure

A

high pressure

36
Q

unoxygenated blood in which circulation

A

pulmonary circulation

37
Q

oxygenated blood in which circulation

A

systemic circulation

38
Q

how are the electrical impulses transmitted through the heart: sequence

A

SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers

39
Q

what wave corresponds to atrial depolarization/contraction

A

P wave

40
Q

begins at end of p wave and ends with QRS complex

A

PR segment

41
Q

the PR segment should be

A

flat. baseline.

42
Q

what wave represents ventricular depolarization/contraction

A

QRS waves

43
Q

largest waveform of an EKG

A

QRS

44
Q

what wave represents ventricular repolarization or relaxation

A

T wave

45
Q

what waves can be pos, neg, and biphasic

A

P and T wave

46
Q

the impulse originates where

A

SA node

47
Q

what gel is preferred to assure good contact with skin

A

acoustic

48
Q

what restraint will the pt be in during ECG

A

right lateral recumbency

49
Q

what to note about ECG

A

pt. name, position, date

50
Q

a complete ECG consists of a: (seconds and mm/sec)

A

30-60 second (12”) at 50 mm/sec of all leads or 25 mm/sec

51
Q

25 mm/sec vs 50 mm/sec

A

25- slower measurement

50- faster measurement

52
Q

lead systems allow you to

A

look at the heart from different angles (direction of electrical activity)

53
Q

each lead has what attached to the surface of the skin

A

pos and neg pole

54
Q

upward deflection vs downward deflection

A

produced when electrical impulses travel towards a pos/neg electrode

55
Q

is an isoelectric line pos, neg, or biphasic

A

biphasic

56
Q

isoelectric line is produced when there is

A

no electrical spread through the heart, or equal forces.

57
Q

if the QRS goes off the paper… do what to sensitivity

A

decrease it by 1/2 cm

58
Q

what 3 sensitivity readings are used to adjust wheel on paper

A

1/2, 1, 2

59
Q

increase what is an arrhythmia is seen

A

increase the length of the tracing

60
Q

should R waves be pos/neg on lead 1

A

positive

61
Q

standard settings for veterinary applications

A

50 mm/sec and 1 cm (sensitivity)

62
Q

determine HR by two methods

A

ECG ruler and counting the R-R intervals and 20x

63
Q

norm BP dog/cat

A

dog- 70-220 bpm

cat- 120-240 bpm

anesthesia 2 (7 decks)

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