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Module 1 > ECG 2 > Flashcards

ECG 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Most accurate way to take HR

A

taking a pulse

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2
Q

P waves tel only about:

A

depolarization

NOT contraction

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3
Q

Leads 1, 2, and 3 P waves should be

A

upright

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4
Q

time it takes to leave the SA node, travel through and depolarize both atria, get to the junction and be held

A

P wave

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5
Q

QRS complex just tells about depolarization

Do what to confirm contraction?

A

Take a pulse

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6
Q

ST segment depression - tells about an old injury- electricity is taking a different pathway

depression =

A

hypokalemia

myocardial ischemia

digitalis toxicity

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7
Q

Prioritizing between elevated ST segment and depressed ST segment?

A

Elevated = acute myocardial injury

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8
Q

If patient has no pulse, but has EKG activity, what do you do?

A

CPR

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9
Q

False high and false low alarms - Make sure you :

Do not just trust the machine

A

count HR/ take pulse

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10
Q

Most high-voltage artifacts are related to:

A

Muscle movement from the patient moving in bed, or moving the extremities

Seizures and gastric pacemakers can also cause this

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11
Q

False low alarms may be caused by:

A

any disturbance in the transmission of the electrical signal from the skin electrode to the monitoring system.

Usually caused by ineffective contact between the skin and the electrode-lead wire

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12
Q

Solution for low alarm

A

Turn up amplitude (gain ) knob on monitor or change lead positions

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13
Q

Sinus Rhythms and Arrhytmias

Sinus- Identifies where rhythm originates (____)

A

SA node

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14
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm

A 
Rhythm:   	   Regular
Rate:        	   60 – 100
P waves:   	   1 P wave before each QRS	
	                  Normal in appearance
PR:           	  .12 - .20 seconds
QRS:         	  < .12 seconds
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15
Q

How do we know it is sinus?

A

Look at P waves -
one per
smooth, round, upright
regular

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16
Q

Normal Sinus rhythm -

There is only one NORMAL sinus rhythm

Tachycardia and bradycardia are Sinus tachycardia and Sinus bradycardia
- not normal sinus tachycardia…

A
17
Q

First thing you do when reading a strip:

A

Look to make sure it is a 6 second strip. 2 hash marks

18
Q

Sinus Tachycardia

A 
Rhythm:   	Regular
Rate:   		100 - 160
P waves:	     	1 P wave before each QRS
				Normal in appearance	
PR:		         .12 seconds - .20 seconds
QRS:	         < .12 seconds
19
Q

Sinus Tachycardia

Normal response to an increased demand for _____

A

blood flow.

20
Q

Main Causes for sinus tachycardia

A

Pain
Pump problem/perfusion
Volume deficit & overload

21
Q

Other causes of sinus tachycardia

A

Exercise

Stimulants- caffeine, nicotine, amphetamine

Drug withdrawal

Increase in catecholamine release resulting from anxiety, excitement, pain or stress

Increased metabolic conditions (hyperthermia, hyperthyroidism)

Anemia

Hypoxia, hypovolemia, hypotension or shock, heart failure

Myocardial ischemia or acute MI

Pulmonary embolism

Drugs that increase sympathetic tone (epinephrine, dopamine, isoproterenol, nitroprusside) or drugs that decrease parasympathetic tone (atropine)

22
Q

Treatment for Sinus tachycardia

A

Treat underlying cause

  • Pain, anxiety, fever, hypoxia, volume replacement
23
Q

Sinus Bradycardia

A 
Rhythm:   	         Regular
Rate:   		40 - 60
P waves:	     	1 P wave before each QRS
			         Normal in appearance	
PR:		        .12 seconds - .20 seconds
QRS:		         <  .10 seconds
24
Q

Sinus Bradycardia

Normal response to ____ and ____

A

heart relaxation and sleep.

25
Q

Sinus bradycardia causes include:

A 
Sleep
Well conditioned-athletes
Sleep apnea
Hypoxia
Hypothermia/hypothyroidism - decreased metabolic conditions
Hyperkalemia
Pain 
Hypoglycemia 
Vagal stimulation from pain, vomitting, gagging, bearing down

In acute inferior wall MI involving the right coronary artery which supplies the SA node

As a reperfusion rhythm after coronary angioplasty or after treatment with thrombolytics

drugs such as digitalis, beta blockers, or calcium channel blockers

Sudden movement from sitting to standing

26
Q

Treatment for bradycardia

A

Treat the cause

Atropine - drug that increases heart rate

Pacemaker if atropine dose not work

27
Q

Sinus Arrhythmia

A 
Rhythm:		Irregular
Rate:		60 - 100
P waves:		1 P wave for each QRS
				Normal in appearance
PR:		          .12 seconds - .20 seconds
QRS:		< .10 seconds
28
Q

Sinus Arrhythmia

Normal in:

A

Normal in children and young adults.

Heart Rate slows down with expiration and speeds up with inspiration (respiratory variance)

Module 1 (11 decks)

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