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Module 1 > ECG 1 > Flashcards

ECG 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Heart- two functions essential for function

A

Electricity (conduction)

Pump (contraction)

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2
Q

The spread of the electrical stimulus through the heart muscle

Movement of electricity

A

depolarization

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3
Q

The return of the stimulated muscle to the resting state

A

Repolarization

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4
Q

Cells are in a resting, ready state

A
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5
Q

Two major electrolytes involved in polarization

A

K+ 3.5-4.5

Na+ 135-145

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6
Q

If potassium levels drop, or get high, it effects ______

A

electrical impulses

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7
Q

Patients in dialysis experience cardiac issues due to this shift in electrolyte levels

A
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8
Q

All electrical impulses should start in the _____

A

SA node (pacemaker)

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9
Q

SA node inherent pace rate: ____

Impulse starts in SA node, moves down and both atrias should contract (pump)

Impulse moves to _____- holds impulse for just a second, before moving on.

Holds for a second to allow atria to finish contracting before the ventricles contract.

A

60-100

AV node

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10
Q

While ventricles depolarize, atria are ____

A

repolarizing

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11
Q

ECG- snapshot of what heart is doing

______ - shows what heart is doing in real time.

A

continuous ECG

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12
Q

Atria depolarization =

A

P wave

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13
Q

Does P wave tell about atrial contraction?

A

No - does not tell that pump is working.

It does tell that the electrical impulse is working.

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14
Q

Ventricular depolarization

A

QRS complex

Takes more energy, thus larger complex

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15
Q

Test to see if ventricles are contracting

A

take a pulse

While monitoring ECG, feel for pulse to coordinate- proves that contraction is happening

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16
Q

Ventricular repolarization

A

T wave

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17
Q

Electrode placement:

3 leads, and 5 leads

Electrodes can move around as long as they are in the general area

A

RA- right, midclavicular line, 2nd intercoastal space

LA- left, midclavicular line, 2nd intercoastal space

Over heart 8th intercoastal, midclavicular

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18
Q

picture of impluse- _____

A

lead

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19
Q

primary monitoring lead-

A 
lead 2
from RA (negative) to LL (positive)
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20
Q

sticker on chest to take picture

A

electrode

monitors electricity- does not generate electricity

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21
Q

looking at top of heart

lead:

A

RA to LA

lead 1

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22
Q

LA to LL

A

lead 3

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23
Q

RA- ___ polarity
LA- ____ polarity
LL- ____ polarity

A

RA - negative

LA- negative/positive

LL- positive

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24
Q

If electrodes are in the right place, the P wave should be ____

A

upright

25
Q

QRS complex can look like anything as long as it stays within certain parameters

A
26
Q

waveforms

A

positive deflection- waveform goes up

negative deflection- waveform goes down

biphasic deflection- waveform goes up and down

27
Q

as impulse moves horizontally, it tells about ___

vertically ____

A

time

amplitude

28
Q

one dark line to one dark line is

A

0.2 seconds

29
Q

one small box is

A

0.04 sec

30
Q

tag marks on paper indicate

A

3 sec.

31
Q

You want at least ___ of time when looking at en ECG

A

6 sec.

32
Q

Isoelectric line = ____ state

A

polarized

everything should return here

33
Q

short return to isoelectric line following the p wave indicates:

A

AV junction holding impulse

34
Q

the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex is called the:

A

PR interval

35
Q

PR interval measurement

A

.12 sec. - .20 sec.

36
Q

QRS complex measurement

A

less than .12 sec

37
Q

Regular heart rate, distance between P waves should be equal

Distance between R and R should be equal

A
38
Q

When do you stop measuring QRS complex?

A

When it stops moving vertically / when it changes from vertical to horizontal

39
Q

period of time from when QRST complex ends and T wave begins

A

ST segment

40
Q

depressed ST segment indicates:

elevated ST segment:

A

old heart injury

code STEMI ST elevation MI

41
Q

Analyzing a rhythm strip step-by-step

A
  1. Determine the regularity of R waves
  2. Calculate the heart rate
  3. Identify and examine P waves
  4. Measure the PR Interval
  5. Measure the QRS complex
42
Q

Calculate the heart rate

3 ways

A

Count pulse

Rapid rate calculation

Precise rate calculation

43
Q

Rapid rate calculation

A
  • Count the number of R waves in a 6 sec. strip
  • Multiply by 10
  • Do not include premature beats in calculating the heart rate
44
Q

Precise rate calculation

A
  • Count the number of small squares between two consecutive R waves
  • Divide the number of small squares into 1500 or use a conversion chart
  • Only accurate for regular rhythms
45
Q

Identify and Examine P waves

A

One P wave preceding each QRS

All P waves identical in shape, size, and position

P to P interval should be regular

46
Q

Measure the PR Interval (PRI)

A

PR interval should be .12 - .20 seconds

Abnormal if too short, too long, or absent

47
Q

Measure the QRS complex

A

QRS should be less than .12 seconds

48
Q

Examine the ST Segment

Normal ST segment is:

Elevation or depression measuring __________ is abnormal

A

flat and at the isoelectric line

1mm above or below

49
Q

Examine the ST Segment

Elevation =

Depression =

A

acute myocardial injury

myocardial ischemia, hypokalemia, digitalis

50
Q

ASSESS the patient

A

Is there a PULSE with that Rhythm???!!!

False high alarms

False low alarms

Artifact -Artefact is the name given to disturbances in rhythm monitoring caused by movement of the electrodes.

51
Q

represents atrial depolarization, the spread of the electrical impulse throughout the right and left atria

A

P wave

52
Q

represents the time from the onset of atrial depolarization to the onset of ventricular depolarization

A

PR interval

53
Q

The _____, a part of the PR interval, is the short isoelectric line between the end of the P wave and the beginning of the QRS complex.

A

PR segment

54
Q

The _____ represents ventricular depolarization, the spread of the electrical impulse throughout the left and right ventricle.

A

QRS complex

55
Q

The ___ represents early ventricular repolarization

A

ST segment

56
Q

The ____ represents ventricular repolarization

A

T wave

57
Q

Which HR calculation method is only good for regular rhythms?

A

Precise rate calculation

58
Q

Only ___ is used to calculate HR in irregular rhythms

A

rapid rate

Module 1 (11 decks)

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