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Software Douchebags > ECE4436 Final > Flashcards

ECE4436 Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fast retransmit mechanism of TCP?

A

When a sender receives 3 cumulative ACKs for dropped packet, retransmit the dropped packet without waiting for timeout

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2
Q

Does TCP flow control rely on feedback provided by routers in the network?

A

No

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3
Q

Does FTP use handshaking?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Does UDP use handshaking?

A

No

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5
Q

Does TCP use handshaking?

A

Yes

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6
Q

Does DNS use handshaking?

A

No

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7
Q

What does a reliable transer protocol guarantee?

A
  • delivery of packets in order they were sent

- no bit errors or dropped packets

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8
Q

What lower level protocol does POP3 rely on?

A

TCP

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9
Q

What is a socket?

A

The interface between the application layer and transport layer

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10
Q

What values are used to identify a UDP socket?

A
  • destination port

- destination IP

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11
Q

What values are used to identify a TCP socket?

A
  • IP of source
  • Port of sender
  • IP of destination
  • Port of destination
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12
Q

Why is it said that FTP send info ‘out of band’?

A

Control info is exchanges using a TCP connection, then data exchange is provided in another TCP connection

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13
Q

Why is DHCP needed?

A

TO dynamically assign IP addresses to hosts

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14
Q

Why are ACKs not used in Ethernet protocol?

A

Because bit errors are very rare on physical copper wire

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15
Q

Why is ICMP needed?

A

For hosts and routers to communicate on the network layer
Error Reporting
Echo request/reply

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16
Q

What is the difference between a hub and a switch?

A
  • Hub is on the physical layer, switch is on link layer

- Hub repeats an incoming signal on ALL other interfaces, a switch forwards frames based on MAC address

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17
Q

Do switches have IP addresses? If so, how many?

A

NO

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18
Q

Do routers have IP addresses? If so, how many?

A

Yes, 1 for each interface

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19
Q

Why is NAT considered controversial?

A
  • violates end-end agreement
  • Uses port number to direct packets to host
  • Address shortage should be addressed by IPv6, not NAT
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20
Q

T/F: Fragmented IP packets can be reassembled anywhere in the network

A

False

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21
Q

HTTP relies upon which lower level protocol?

A

TCP

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22
Q

T/F: FTP is a stateless protocol

A

False

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23
Q

Why is NAT needed?

A

NAT addresses the shortage of IPv4 adresses by allowing multiple hosts on a private network to access the internet using a single public IP address

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24
Q

What is the purpose of ARP?

A

Adress Resolution Protocol: used to translate IP addresses to Ethernet MAC adresses

25
Q

What is the difference between a router and switch?

A
  • Router is network layer, switch is link layer
  • Router computes tables with routing algorithms with IP addresses, switches learn forwarding table using flooding with MAC addresses
26
Q

Rank the following protocols from most to least efficient (on average):

1) Pure ALOHA
2) Slotted ALOHA
3) CSMA/CD
4) CSMA/CA

A

1) CSMA/CD
2) CSMA/CA
3) Slotted ALOHA
3) Pure ALOHA

27
Q

How many bits is an IPv6 address?

A

128

28
Q

Is HTTP a stateless protocol?

A

Yes

29
Q

DNS relies upon which lower level protocol?

A

UDP

30
Q

Who is Dijkstra?

A

Some dutch dude who really liked dikes

31
Q

What is the purpose of the data link layer?

A
  • defines format of packets exchanged between nodes at end of link
  • defines actions to be taken by these nodes when packets send/received
  • moves network-layer datagrams from node to node on a single path
  • error detection
  • error correction
32
Q

What is the difference between the data plane and the control plane?

A
  • Data plane is local within a router, control plane is network wide
  • data plane determines how arriving datagram is forwared to ourput port, control plane determines how datagram is routed form source->destination
33
Q

What is a logically centralized control plane?

A

A remote controller interacts with local control agents

34
Q

What is a per-router control plane?

A

Routing components in every router interact with each other

35
Q

T/F: Devices with the same subnet part of their IP address can communicate without a router

A

True

36
Q

Is Ethernet connection oriented?

A

No

37
Q

Is Ethernet a reliable protocol?

A

No

38
Q

Which multiple access protocol does Ethernet use?

A

CSMA/CD

39
Q

What multiple access protocol does 802.11 use?

A

CSMA/CA

40
Q

Describe the steps in passive scanning for 802.11

A

1) AP sends beacon
2) Host sends association request
3) AP sends association response

41
Q

Describe the steps in active scanning for 802.11

A

1) Host sends probe request
2) AP sends probe response
3) Host sends association request
4) AP sends association response

42
Q

How many frequency channels is 802.11 divided into?

A

11

43
Q

What is a care-of-address?

A

It is the address used by a mobile when in a visted network

44
Q

What does a foreign agent do?

A

It acts as a home agent for a mobile, while the mobile is in a visisted network

45
Q

Describe the steps to send a message to a mobile in a visited network, using indirect routing

A

Correspondent -> home network -> wide area network -> foreign agent -> mobile

mobile responds directly to correspondent

46
Q

Describe the steps to send a message to a mobile in a visited network, using direct routing

A

Correspondent -> home network -> correspondent

Correspondent -> foreign agent -> mobile

mobile responds directly to correspondent

47
Q

What is a port number?

A

Used to identify a socket where a process is running, to which a network message is to be forwarded to

48
Q

What are the 5 layers in the TCP/IP protocol stack?

A

Application, transport, network, data link, physical

49
Q

What are the two CDN placement philosophies?

A

Enter deep & bring home

50
Q

What is an overlay network?

A

A network built on top of another network

51
Q

What is a physical address

A

MAC Address on the Link Layer

52
Q

What layer is the IP address on?

A

Network Layer (Ethernet, Layer 3)

53
Q

Which protocol attempts to fairly use network resources?

A

TCP

54
Q

Pipelining Requires?

a. Receiver-side buffering of unacknowledged packets.
b. Transmitting unlimited packets before receiving acknowledgments.
c. Unique sequence numbers for each in-transit packet.
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.

A

a. Unique sequence numbers for each in-transit packet.

55
Q

The stop and wait protocol is highly inefficient when:

the distance between nodes is ___ and the transmission rate is ____

A

There is a large distance between source and destination and the transmission rate is
low.

56
Q

What are the differrent layers of DNS servers?

A
  • Local DNS server
  • Root DNS server
  • TLD (Top Level Domain) DNS server
  • Authoritative DNS server
57
Q

What is the differene between Go-back-N and selective repeat pipeline protocols?

A
  • In go-back-n, the receiver sends a cumulative ACK, in selective, receiver sends an ACK for each packet
  • In GBN, sender has a timer for oldest unacked packet, retransmits all newer packets on timetout. In selective, sender has a timer for all unacked packet, on timeout resends only unacked packet
58
Q

Are HTTP connections always non-persistent?

A

No, it can be persistent or non-persistent

59
Q

What is cookie?

A

Yummy snack

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