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Software Douchebags > ECE4436 Final > Flashcards

ECE4436 Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fast retransmit mechanism of TCP?

A

When a sender receives 3 cumulative ACKs for dropped packet, retransmit the dropped packet without waiting for timeout

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2
Q

Does TCP flow control rely on feedback provided by routers in the network?

A

No

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3
Q

Does FTP use handshaking?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Does UDP use handshaking?

A

No

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5
Q

Does TCP use handshaking?

A

Yes

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6
Q

Does DNS use handshaking?

A

No

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7
Q

What does a reliable transer protocol guarantee?

A
  • delivery of packets in order they were sent

- no bit errors or dropped packets

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8
Q

What lower level protocol does POP3 rely on?

A

TCP

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9
Q

What is a socket?

A

The interface between the application layer and transport layer

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10
Q

What values are used to identify a UDP socket?

A
  • destination port

- destination IP

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11
Q

What values are used to identify a TCP socket?

A
  • IP of source
  • Port of sender
  • IP of destination
  • Port of destination
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12
Q

Why is it said that FTP send info ‘out of band’?

A

Control info is exchanges using a TCP connection, then data exchange is provided in another TCP connection

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13
Q

Why is DHCP needed?

A

TO dynamically assign IP addresses to hosts

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14
Q

Why are ACKs not used in Ethernet protocol?

A

Because bit errors are very rare on physical copper wire

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15
Q

Why is ICMP needed?

A

For hosts and routers to communicate on the network layer
Error Reporting
Echo request/reply

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16
Q

What is the difference between a hub and a switch?

A
  • Hub is on the physical layer, switch is on link layer

- Hub repeats an incoming signal on ALL other interfaces, a switch forwards frames based on MAC address

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17
Q

Do switches have IP addresses? If so, how many?

A

NO

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18
Q

Do routers have IP addresses? If so, how many?

A

Yes, 1 for each interface

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19
Q

Why is NAT considered controversial?

A
  • violates end-end agreement
  • Uses port number to direct packets to host
  • Address shortage should be addressed by IPv6, not NAT
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20
Q

T/F: Fragmented IP packets can be reassembled anywhere in the network

A

False

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21
Q

HTTP relies upon which lower level protocol?

A

TCP

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22
Q

T/F: FTP is a stateless protocol

A

False

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23
Q

Why is NAT needed?

A

NAT addresses the shortage of IPv4 adresses by allowing multiple hosts on a private network to access the internet using a single public IP address

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24
Q

What is the purpose of ARP?

A

Adress Resolution Protocol: used to translate IP addresses to Ethernet MAC adresses

25
What is the difference between a router and switch?
- Router is network layer, switch is link layer - Router computes tables with routing algorithms with IP addresses, switches learn forwarding table using flooding with MAC addresses
26
Rank the following protocols from most to least efficient (on average): 1) Pure ALOHA 2) Slotted ALOHA 3) CSMA/CD 4) CSMA/CA
1) CSMA/CD 2) CSMA/CA 3) Slotted ALOHA 3) Pure ALOHA
27
How many bits is an IPv6 address?
128
28
Is HTTP a stateless protocol?
Yes
29
DNS relies upon which lower level protocol?
UDP
30
Who is Dijkstra?
Some dutch dude who really liked dikes
31
What is the purpose of the data link layer?
- defines format of packets exchanged between nodes at end of link - defines actions to be taken by these nodes when packets send/received - moves network-layer datagrams from node to node on a single path - error detection - error correction
32
What is the difference between the data plane and the control plane?
- Data plane is local within a router, control plane is network wide - data plane determines how arriving datagram is forwared to ourput port, control plane determines how datagram is routed form source->destination
33
What is a logically centralized control plane?
A remote controller interacts with local control agents
34
What is a per-router control plane?
Routing components in every router interact with each other
35
T/F: Devices with the same subnet part of their IP address can communicate without a router
True
36
Is Ethernet connection oriented?
No
37
Is Ethernet a reliable protocol?
No
38
Which multiple access protocol does Ethernet use?
CSMA/CD
39
What multiple access protocol does 802.11 use?
CSMA/CA
40
Describe the steps in passive scanning for 802.11
1) AP sends beacon 2) Host sends association request 3) AP sends association response
41
Describe the steps in active scanning for 802.11
1) Host sends probe request 2) AP sends probe response 3) Host sends association request 4) AP sends association response
42
How many frequency channels is 802.11 divided into?
11
43
What is a care-of-address?
It is the address used by a mobile when in a visted network
44
What does a foreign agent do?
It acts as a home agent for a mobile, while the mobile is in a visisted network
45
Describe the steps to send a message to a mobile in a visited network, using indirect routing
Correspondent -> home network -> wide area network -> foreign agent -> mobile mobile responds directly to correspondent
46
Describe the steps to send a message to a mobile in a visited network, using direct routing
Correspondent -> home network -> correspondent Correspondent -> foreign agent -> mobile mobile responds directly to correspondent
47
What is a port number?
Used to identify a socket where a process is running, to which a network message is to be forwarded to
48
What are the 5 layers in the TCP/IP protocol stack?
Application, transport, network, data link, physical
49
What are the two CDN placement philosophies?
Enter deep & bring home
50
What is an overlay network?
A network built on top of another network
51
What is a physical address
MAC Address on the Link Layer
52
What layer is the IP address on?
Network Layer (Ethernet, Layer 3)
53
Which protocol attempts to fairly use network resources?
TCP
54
Pipelining Requires? a. Receiver-side buffering of unacknowledged packets. b. Transmitting unlimited packets before receiving acknowledgments. c. Unique sequence numbers for each in-transit packet. d. All of the above. e. None of the above.
a. Unique sequence numbers for each in-transit packet.
55
The stop and wait protocol is highly inefficient when: | the distance between nodes is ___ and the transmission rate is ____
There is a large distance between source and destination and the transmission rate is low.
56
What are the differrent layers of DNS servers?
- Local DNS server - Root DNS server - TLD (Top Level Domain) DNS server - Authoritative DNS server
57
What is the differene between Go-back-N and selective repeat pipeline protocols?
- In go-back-n, the receiver sends a cumulative ACK, in selective, receiver sends an ACK for each packet - In GBN, sender has a timer for oldest unacked packet, retransmits all newer packets on timetout. In selective, sender has a timer for all unacked packet, on timeout resends only unacked packet
58
Are HTTP connections always non-persistent?
No, it can be persistent or non-persistent
59
What is cookie?
Yummy snack

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