ECC analgesia (Yr4)

Question 1

what is a bolus rate of fluids (used for emergency fluid therapy)?

Answer 1

10-20ml/kg over 10 minutes (then reassess and repeat if needed)

Question 2

what are the groups of analgesics?

Answer 2

NSAIDs
Opioids
Paracetamol
Local
Alpha 2 agonists
NMDA antagonists

Question 3

what is usually the best analgesia for emergency cases?

Answer 3

opioids

Question 4

what are some options for groups of drugs to sedate emergency cases?

Answer 4

alpha 2 agonists, acepromazine, benzodiazepine
(with ketamine or opioids for pain)

Question 5

what effects of alpha 2 agonists do you need to be aware of in emergency situations?

Answer 5

vasoconstriction, reflex bradycardia, negative inotrope

Question 6

what effect of acepromazine do you need to be aware of in emergency situations?

Answer 6

vasodilation (not good to hypovolaemia/dehydration)

Question 7

what effect of benzodiazepines do you need to be aware of in emergency situations?

Answer 7

may cause excitement (minimal other side effects so usually a good choice)

Question 8

what can be used to induce emergency cases?

Answer 8

propofol, alfaxalone, ketamine, benzodiazepines