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Cloud computing > EC2 Fundamentals (Associate) > Flashcards

EC2 Fundamentals (Associate) Flashcards

1
Q

What are some different capabilities of EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)

A
  1. Renting virtual machines (EC2)
  2. Storing data on virtual drives (EBS)
  3. Distributing load across machines (ELB)
  4. Scaling the services using an auto-scaling group (ASG)
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2
Q

What are the different operating systems (OS) you can use for EC2 instances?

A
  1. Linux
  2. Windows
  3. Max OS
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3
Q

When configuring your EC2 what are things you have to consider?

A
  1. Consider the what type of OS to use
  2. How much compute lower & core (CPU)
  3. How much random access memory (RAM)
  4. How much storage space (network-attached such as EBS & EFS, also consider hardware such as EC2 instance store)
  5. Network card: speed of the card, public IP address
  6. Firewall rules
  7. Bootstrap script (EC2 user data)
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4
Q

It is possible to bootstrap your instances using _____________ scripts

A

EC2 user data scripts

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5
Q

What does bootstrapping mean?

A

Launching commands when a machine starts

  • So the script is only ran once at the instance first start and never ran again
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6
Q

EC2 user data is used to automate boot task such as what?

A
  • Installing updates
  • Installing software
  • Downloading common files from the internet
  • Anything you can think of
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7
Q

What is AWS naming conventions for its EC2 instances?

A

m5.2xlarge

m- is the instance class
5-is the generation (AWS improves them over time so when it upgrades it will be 6 n so on)
2xlarge- is the size within the instance class

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8
Q

General purpose instances are great for what?

A

A diversity of workloads such as web servers or code repositories n they provide a good balance between compute, memory, networking (ex. t2.Mirco is a general purpose instance)

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9
Q

Compute optimized instances are great for what?

A

-Batch processing workloads
-Media transcoding
-High Performance web servers
-High Performance Computing
-Scientific modeling & machine learning
-Dedicated gaming servers

They have a C and are great for compute - intensive task that require high performance processors

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10
Q

What are memory optimized instances good for?

A

-High Performance relational/non-relational databases
- Distributed web scale cache stores
-In memory databases optimized for BI (business intelligence)
-Application performing real time processing of big unsaturated data

Are also great for fast performance for workloads that process large data sets in memory

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11
Q

What are storage optimized instances good for?

A

They are great for storage intensive task that require high, sequential read and write access to large data sets on local storage

Can use them for:
- High frequency online transaction processing (OLTP) systems
-Relational & NoSQL databases
-Cache for in-memory databases
-Data warehousing applications
-Distributed file system

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12
Q

___________ are the fundamental of network security in AWS where they control how traffic is allowed into or out of our EC2 instances and they only contain _______ rules and their rules can reference by IP or by __________

A

Security groups, allow rules, security group

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13
Q

________ act as a firewall for your EC2 instances

A

Security groups

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14
Q

What do security groups regulate?

A

They regulate:
- Access to Ports
- Authorized IP ranges (IPv4 & IPv6)
- Control of inbound network (from other to the instance)
- Control of outbound network (from the instance to other)

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15
Q

Security groups can be attached to ________ instances

A

Multiple

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16
Q

Security groups are locked down to a ____________

A

Region/VPC combination

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17
Q

It’s good to maintain one separate security group for ________ access

A

SSH access

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18
Q

If your application is not accessible (time out) then it’s a _______ issue and if it’s a connection refused error then it’s a ___________ issues or it’s not launched

A

Security groups issue, application error

19
Q

With security groups by default all inbound traffic is ______ and all outbound traffic is _________

A

Blocked, authorized

20
Q

What are the different ports?

A
  • 22= SSH (secure shell)- log into a Linux instance
  • 21 = FTP (file transfer protocol) - upload files into a file share
    -22= SFTP (secure file transfer protocol) - upload files using SSH
21
Q

Why are on demand instances good for?

A

Short workload, predictable pricing, pay by second

22
Q

What are the two different type of Reserved Instances (1 & 3 yr plan)

A
  1. Reserved instances- good for long workloads
  2. Convertible reserved instances- good for long workloads with flexible instances
23
Q

Savings Plans (1&3 yr commitment) EC2 Instances pricing option

A

God for committing to an amount of usage & long workloads

24
Q

Spot Instances

A

Good for short workload, cheap, and can loose instances (less reliable)

25
Q

Dedicated host

A

Book an entire physical server, control instance placement

26
Q

Dedicated instances

A

You decided when to start, launch, and kill the instance, no other customer will share your hardware

27
Q

Capacity reservations

A

Reserve capacity in a specific AZ for any duration

28
Q

With __________ you can reserve on demand instances capacity in a specific AZ for any duration and you have no time commitment and no billing discounts

A

capacity reservations

29
Q

With spot instances you have to define the _________ and get the instance while current spot price is less than _______ then you can keep the instance

A

Max spot price

30
Q

With spot instances what happens when the current spot price is greater than the max price?

A

You have 2 mins grace period to decided to stop or terminate your instance

31
Q

If you don’t want your spot instance you be claimed by AWS what other option can you do?

A

Use a spot block, which is a spot instance during a specified time frame ( 1 to 6 hours) without interruption

32
Q

What are the best use cases for spot instances?

A

For batch jobs, data analysis, or workloads that are resilient to failures and not great for critical jobs or databases

33
Q

When trying to terminate a spot instance what’s the first thing you must do?

A

Create a spot request

34
Q

What do you have to define when creating a spot request?

A
  • Maximum Price
  • Desired number of instances
  • Launch specifications
  • Request type ( one time | persistent)
  • Valid from, Valid until
35
Q

With ________ spot request, as soon as your spot instances are fulfilled, your instances are going to be launched and then your spot instance will go away

A

One time

36
Q

With ________ spot request, then you want your number of instances to be valid as long as from the valid from to the valid until

A

Persistent

37
Q

If your spot request is persistent but for some reason you lost your spot instance (like it going over the max price) what will happen?

A

It will start an instance up and go into the spot request and when everything is validated it will restart everything for you

38
Q

If you want to cancel a spot instance, what state must it be in?

A

It must be in an open or active or disable state

39
Q

So when you want to cancel a spot request what is your responsibility?

A

You must terminate any instances you have launched from before

40
Q

When you want to terminate Spot instance for good what must you do?

A

Must cancel the spot request and then terminate your instances

41
Q

What is a spot fleet?

A

It’s a way for you to get a set of spot instances and it will try to meet the target capacity with price constraints

42
Q

What strategies is used to allocate spot instances in your spot fleet?

A
  1. Lowest price- the spot fleet will launched instances from the pool that has the lowest price ( good for cost optimization)
  2. Diversified- distribute instances across all pools (great for availability and long workloads)
  3. Capacity optimized - pool with the optimal capacity for the number of instances
  4. Price capacity optimized (recommended) - pool with highest capacity available, then select the pool with the lowest price (best choice for most workloads)
43
Q

Spot fleet will allow you to automatically request __________ with the lowest price

A

Spot instances

Cloud computing (43 decks)

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