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Cloud computing > AWS-Module 2: Computing in the cloud > Flashcards

AWS-Module 2: Computing in the cloud Flashcards

1
Q

What is Amazon Elastic Cloud (EC2)

A

AWS has a variety of different severs that provide IT resources & the severs that you use to access those servers is called EC2

a service that lets you run virtual servers in the cloud

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2
Q

How is EC2 beneficial compared to having your own server on-premise?

A

AWS EC2 is very beneficial in comparison because they already:

  • Built datacenters for the servers
  • Secured the datacenters
  • Purchased servers
  • Installed servers
  • Servers already online to be used

Basically the whole process that it would take if the company wanted to know their own servers AWS already handle all of it

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3
Q

EC2 uses ______________

A

multitenancy

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4
Q

What does mean multitenancy?

A

it shares underlying hardware between virtual machines EC2 can allow you to vertical scale (you can make an instance bigger or smaller whenever you need to)

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5
Q

Explain how EC2 functions

A

EC2 runs on actual host machines so when you use EC2, you dont have an entire host to yourself but actually sharing a host with others (virtual machines), it has a hypervisor on that host that is responsible for sharing the underlying resources between the virtual machines (multitenacy) & the hypervisor also isolates the virtual machines to keep them secure even though your sharing a host

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6
Q

With EC2 you can control the _________ of other applications & software

A

configuration

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7
Q

AWS uses a ___________ which allows you to acquire servers through this model

A

Compute as a service (CaaS)

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8
Q

Describe EC2 instances

A

They are like employees, they are optimized for different tasks. When selecting an instance type, consider the specific needs of your workloads and applications. This might include requirements for compute, memory, or storage capabilities.

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9
Q

What are the different EC2 instance families?

A
  1. General purpose
  2. Compute optimized
  3. Memory opitmized
  4. Accelerated computing
  5. Storage optimized
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10
Q

General purpose instances

A

of compute, memory, and networking resources, and can be used for a variety of diverse workloads like web service or code repositories.

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11
Q

Compute optimized instances

A

are ideal for compute-intensive tasks like gaming servers, high performance computing or HPC, and even scientific modeling

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12
Q

Memory optimized instances

A

Are good for memory-intensive tasks.

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13
Q

Storage optimized instances

A

Workloads that require high performance for locally stored data.

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14
Q

Accelerated Computing Instances

A

Accelerated computing are good for floating point number calculations, graphics processing, or data pattern matching, as they use hardware accelerators.

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15
Q

What are the different type of EC2 pricing?

A
  1. On-demand
  2. Saving plan
  3. Reserved instances
  4. Spot instances
  5. Dedicated host
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16
Q

On-demand pricing

A

pay what you use (best for short-term, irregular workload that can’t be interrupted

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17
Q

Saving plan pricing

A

offers low prices on EC2 usages in exchange for a commitment to a consistent amount of usage measures in dollars per hour for 1-3 yr term, an hourly spend commitment for 1-3 yr term (can save up to 72% on your AWS usage & can lower your EC2 usages prices

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18
Q

Reserved instances

A

used for steady-state workloads or ones with predictable usage & offer you up to 75% discount verus on-demand pricing (have to commit to 1-3 yr term & can pay either upfront. Partial upfront, no upfront)

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19
Q

What are the two different types of Reserve instances?

A
  1. Standard reserve
  2. Convertible reserved instances
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20
Q

Standard Reserved Instances

A

This option is a good fit if you know the EC2 instance type and size you need for your steady-state applications and in which AWS Region you plan to run them.

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21
Q

Reserved Instances require you to state what qualifications?

A
  • Instance type & size (For example, m5.xlarge)
  • Platform description (operating system) : (For example, Microsoft Windows Server or Red Hat Enterprise Linux)
  • Tenancy (Default tenancy or dedicated tenancy)
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22
Q

Convertible Reserved Instances

A

If you need to run your EC2 instances in different Availability Zones or different instance types, then Convertible Reserved Instances might be right for you. Note: You trade in a deeper discount when you require flexibility to run your EC2 instances.

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23
Q

At the end of a Reserved Instance term, you can continue using the Amazon EC2 instance without interruption. However, you are charged On-Demand rates until you do one of the following, what are they?

A
  • Terminate the instance.
  • Purchase a new Reserved Instance that matches the instance attributes (instance family and size, Region, platform, and tenancy).
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24
Q

Spot instances

A

they allow you to request spare Amazon EC2 computing capacity for up to 90% off of the On-Demand price. The catch here is that AWS can reclaim the instance at any time they need it, giving you a two-minute warning to finish up work and save state (You can always resume later if needed. So when choosing Spot Instances, make sure your workloads can tolerate being interrupted.

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25
Q

Dedicated host

A

which are physical hosts dedicated for your use for EC2 (These are usually for meeting certain compliance requirements and nobody else will share tenancy of that host.

26
Q

Scaling up means what?

A

Scaling up means adding more power to the machines that are running

27
Q

Scaling out means what?

A

Having more than 1 of the same instances (like horizontal scaling on tiktok ads)

28
Q

How does AWS EC2 autoscaling work & help you scale?

A

EC2 you can set groups, where you can set your minimum # of instances, which means whatever # you choose there must be at all times that # of instances you chose running (minimum capacity), you then can set the desired capacity (even if you only need less than that desired capacity), then can set the maximum capacity (max # of instances you would want it to scale out to)- this allows you to have a cost-effective architecture since you only pay for instances you use, when you use them

29
Q

If you don’t specify the desired number of Amazon EC2 instances in an auto-scaling group, what will happen?

A

The desired capacity defaults to your minimum capacity

30
Q

WIth the auto-scaling & scaling out you may have multiple EC2 instances for the same purpose, so to make sure one instance doesn’t get overloaded with requests while the others have none, you use a ___________ to solve that problem

A

load balancer

31
Q

What is a load balancer?

A

A load balancer is an application that takes in requests and routes them to the instances to be processed (elastic load balancer)

32
Q

What is the elastic load balancing? (ELB)

A

is the AWS service that automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple resources, such as Amazon EC2 instances.

33
Q

Elastic load balancing (ELB)

A

is automatically scalable, so once you have multiple EC2 instances they let the ELB know they’re online & ready to go & your ELB directs traffic efficiently

34
Q

How does the ELB help you when scaling down?

A

When you scale down, the ELB first stop all new traffic to the instance & waits for the request to be complete & once it is your auto-scaling EC2 can terminate it

35
Q

Since ELB is __________, its a single URL that each front end instances uses then the ELB directs traffic to the back end instances that can handle it (have a front end instances & back end & front end isnt worried about back end instances)

A

regional

36
Q

What is a tightly coupled architecture?

A

Tightly coupled architectures are ones that send messages directly to each other (which has one big flaw, when one component fails or changes it causes issues for other components or even the whole system)

37
Q

What is a loosely coupled architecture?

A

Loosely coupled architecture are ones where if one component fails, its isolated & therefore won’t cause cascading failure throughout the whole system (use a message queue to process request & make sure if one component does down the other wont be affected)

38
Q

What are the two different AWS services that are used for loosely coupled architecture?

A
  1. Amazon simple queue service (SQS)
  2. Amazon simple notification service (SNS)
39
Q

Amazon SQS does what?

A

allows you to send, store, and receive messages between software components at any volume (without losing any messages or requiring other services to be available)

40
Q

A ___________ is the data contained within a message (messages can contain name, request, when request was made, etc)

A

payload

41
Q

SQS queues where messages are placed until they are _____________.

A

processed

42
Q

Amazon___________ is similar in that it is used to send out messages to services, but it can also send out notifications to end users. (uses a publish/subscribe or pub/sub model)

A

SNS

43
Q

__________ which is just a channel for messages to be delivered. (You then configure subscribers to that topic and finally publish messages for those subscribers)

A

SNS topic

  • These subscribers can also be endpoints such as SQS queues, AWS Lambda functions, and HTTPS or HTTP web hooks.
  • SNS can be used to fan out notifications to end users using mobile push, SMS, and email.
44
Q

__________ application are ones that are tightly coupled

A

Monolithic

45
Q

_______________ - ones that are loosely coupled

A

Microservices

46
Q

If you have applications that you want to run in Amazon EC2, you must do what?

A
  1. Provision instances (virtual servers).
  2. Upload your code.
  3. Continue to manage the instances while your application is running.
47
Q

What is the difference between computing with virtual servers & serverless computing?

A

Virtual servers need servers & code & serverless computing just needs code

48
Q

What is another benefit of serverless computing?

A

Another benefit of serverless computing is the flexibility to scale serverless applications automatically. Serverless computing can adjust the applications’ capacity by modifying the units of consumption, such as throughput and memory.

49
Q

What is an AWS service for serverless computing?

A

AWS lambda

50
Q

What is AWS lambda?

A

is a service that lets you run code without needing to provision or manage servers.

51
Q

How does pricing work with AWS lambda?

A

you pay only for the compute time that you consume. Charges apply only when your code is running. You can also run code for virtually any type of application or backend service, all with zero administration.

52
Q

How does AWS lambda work?

A
  1. You upload your code to Lambda.
  2. You set your code to trigger from an event source, such as AWS services, mobile applications, or HTTP endpoints.
  3. Lambda runs your code only when triggered.
  4. You pay only for the compute time that you use. In the previous example of resizing images, you would pay only for the compute time that you use when uploading new images. Uploading the images triggers Lambda to run code for the image resizing function.
53
Q

In AWS, you can also build and run ____________ applications.

A

containerized

54
Q

What are containers?

A

provide you with a standard way to package your application’s code and dependencies into a single object. You can also use containers for processes and workflows in which there are essential requirements for security, reliability, and scalability.

55
Q

What is Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS)?

A

is a highly scalable, high-performance container management system that enables you to run and scale containerized applications on AWS.

56
Q

Amazon ECS supports ___________ containers

A

Docker

57
Q

What is Docker?

A

is a software platform that enables you to build, test, and deploy applications quickly.

58
Q

What is Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS)?

A

is a fully managed service that you can use to run Kubernetes on AWS.

59
Q

What are Kubernetes?

A

is open-source software that enables you to deploy and manage containerized applications at scale.

60
Q

What is AWS Fargate?

A

is a serverless compute engine for containers. It works with both Amazon ECS and Amazon EKS.

61
Q

When using _________, you do not need to provision or manage servers. ________ manages your server infrastructure for you. You can focus more on innovating and developing your applications, and you pay only for the resources that are required to run your containers.

A

AWS Fargate

Cloud computing (43 decks)

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