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Emergency Care 13th Edition > EC Chp 18 Cardiac Emergencies > Flashcards

EC Chp 18 Cardiac Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Acute Coronary syndrome (ACS) also Cardiac Compromise

A

A blanket term that refers to any time the heart may not be getting enough oxygen. (Ischemia - lack of O2 in the heart muscle)

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2
Q

Dyspnea is…

A

Shortness of Breath; labored or difficult breathing

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3
Q

Bradycardia

A

When the heart rate is slow usually less than 60 BPM

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4
Q

Tachycardia

A

When the heart rate is fast or more than 100 BPM

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5
Q

Hypotensive

A

Systolic blood pressure lower than 90

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6
Q

Hypertensive

A

Systolic greater 140 or diastolic greater than 90

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7
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

A

diseases that affect the arteries of the heart. such as narrowing or blocking of them. Result o build up of fatty deposits

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8
Q

Thrombus is?

A

A clot formed o blood and plaque attached to the inner wall of an artery or vein

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9
Q

A thrombus can reach a size where it can cut off blood flow is

A

an Occlusion (cutting off)

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10
Q

Embolism is when

A

blockage of a vessel by a clot or foreign material is brought to the site by the blood current

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11
Q

myocardium is the

A

heart muscle

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12
Q

reduced blood supply to the myocardium causes?

A

chest pain

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13
Q

Angina Pectoris is

A

Chest pain. when coronary artery disease has narrowed that arteries that supply the heart

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14
Q

Aneurysm is

A

the dilation or ballooning of a weakened section fo the wall of an artery. and when it bursts there can be life-threatening bleeding.

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15
Q

the two most common sites of an Aneurysm is?

A

the Aorta and the Brain

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16
Q

dysrhythmia is

A

a disturbance or malfunction in the heart rate and rhythm.

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17
Q

symptoms of dysrhythmia results are

A

bradycardia and tachycardia, including ventricular fibrillation

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18
Q

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is

often called a heart attack

A

the condition in which a portion of the myocardium dies as a result of oxygen starvation

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19
Q

Sudden death

A

a cardiac arrest that occurs within 2 hours of the onset of symptoms. the patient may have no prior symptoms of CAD

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20
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is

A

a condition of excessive fluid build up in the lungs and or other organs and boy parts because of the inadequate pumping of the heart. CHF is often a complication of AMI

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21
Q

the fluid build up from CHF causes?

A

Edema

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22
Q

Congestive Heart Failure may be brought on by:

A

diseased heart valves, hypertension, or some form of obstructive pulmonary disease such as emphysema.

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23
Q

what happens when a patient sustains an AMI (Acute Myocardial Infarction)?`

A

The Myocardium in the area of the left ventricle dies.

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24
Q

if left heart failure is left untreated it commonly causes?

A

Right heart failure

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25
Q

when the right heart fails (which receives blood from the body and pumps to lungs)

A

the right side becomes congested and in the lungs as well then fluid may accumulate in the dependent (lower) extremities causing pedal edema

26
Q

Pedal edema

A

accumulation of fluid in the feet or ankles

27
Q

2 late signs of Congestive Heart Failuare

A

Engorged pulsating Neck veins (JVD)

enlarged liver and spleen with abdominal distention

28
Q

Cardiac Arrest

A

an electrical issue with the heart and typically only 1-2% of emergency calls are cardiac arrests

29
Q

5 Elements for the chain of survival for Cardiac Arrests

A
  1. Recognition and activation of the ERS
  2. Immediate high-quality CPR
  3. Rapid defibrillation
  4. Basic and Advanced EMS
  5. ALS and Post-Arrest care
30
Q

the underlying theme of the chain of survival is ?

A

Teamwork: it is essential in order to maximize the chance of survival

31
Q

In High Performance CPR what is the chest compression measurement

A

compress the chest between 2-2.4in in adults and 1.5in for infants or 1/3 of the depth allow for full relaxation on the upstroke of compressions 100-120 per min

32
Q

The key to high performance CPR is

A

increasing cardiac output

33
Q

whats the minimum time for interruptions in high performance CPR?

A

no more than 10 seconds

34
Q

how much time to you spend on each ventilation for high performance CPR

A

no more than 1 second

35
Q

what is the maximum response time for effective defibrillation?

A

8 minutes

36
Q

Basic and Advanced EMS can do what that laypeople cannot?

A

second to defibrillation, they can put a breathing tube into someones throat and start an IV line

37
Q

3 different EMT levels of practice

A

EMT- Cardiac
EMT- Critical Care,
EMT- Intermediate or Advanced EMT

38
Q

ALS and Poset Arrest Care refers to:

A

the coordinating of numerous different means of assessment and interventions that together, maximize the patients chance of neurological intact survival.

39
Q

controlled hypothermia refers to

A

an intervention used to cool patient to 90-93 degrees and maintaining it for 12-24hours which seem to lead to more survivors and less brain damage

40
Q

2 types of defibrillation

A

Manual defibrillation and

Automated defibrillator

41
Q

two types of automated external defibrillators

A 
Semi-Automatic
Fully Automatic (shocks once it's ready
42
Q

the types of shocks AED’s provide

A

traditional Monophasic which sends a single shock at 360J and
Biphasic which sends the shock in one direction and then back the other. shock should be at 120-200J

43
Q

How do AED’s work

A

they analyze the cardiac rhythm and determine whether or not the rhythm is shockable

44
Q

The Most common conditions that result in cardiac arrest are shockable rhythms:

A

Ventricular fibrillation

Ventricular Tachycardia

45
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation

A

the heart’s electrical impulses are disorganized, preventing the heart muscle from contracting normally, 50% of all cardiac arrest victims

46
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia

A

heartbeat is quite rapid and if rapid enough, it will not allow the hearts chambers to fill with enough blood between beats to produce blood flow sufficient to meet body’s needs

47
Q

pulseless electrical Activity (PEA)

A

the hearts electrical rhythm remains normal, yet the mechanical pumping activity fails to follow the electrical activity causing the cardiac arrest 15-20% of victims NOT A SHOCKABLE rhythm.

48
Q

Asystole

A

condition in which the heart has ceased generating electrical impulses (flatline)n 20-50% cardiac arrest victims. NOT a shockable rhythm.

49
Q

Transport as soon as 1 of the following occurs:

A
  • You have administered 3 shocks
  • You have received 3 consecutive NSI messages (separated by 2min of CPR)
  • The patient regains a pulse
50
Q

In infants where do you apply the pads

A

In the back and front of chest

51
Q

apnea

A

no breathing

52
Q

agonal breathing

A

irregular, gasping breaths, that precede apnea and death.

53
Q

If the ALS team arrives before you have finished the first shock

A

they should allow you to complete the shock and then have 2 mins before they can analyze again

54
Q

How often do you check the pulse of a patient whom’s recovered a pulse from shock?

A

every 30 seconds

55
Q

contraindications for AED’s

A
  • If the pads are touching each other on the patient
  • If patient has serious traumatic injury
  • Do not defibrillate a soaking wet person
  • Do not defib if touching anything metallic
  • If you see a nitro patch
  • make sure you are clear
56
Q

implants for heart

A

cardiac pacemaker
implanted defibrillator
ventricular assist device (VAD)
Cardiac bypass surgery

57
Q

contradiction for VAD

A

do not perform CPR on a patient with Ventricular assist Device unless directed to so by medical direction. Doing so will cause increased cardiac output and may harm the patient and damage the vessels when crushed.

58
Q

Ventricular Assist Device (VAD)

A

when one or both ventricles of the heart are very weak and the device pumps blood for the heart. mostly on Left side

59
Q

2 Mechanical CPR devices

A

LUCAS and Auto-Pulse

60
Q

3 things to be met before resuscitation is terminated

A
  1. The arres was not witnessed by EMS
  2. There are no return of circulation (pulse) after 3 rounds of CPR and rhythm is checked
  3. The AED did not detect shockable rhythm
61
Q

what % of patients with severe heart problems have not chest discomfort at all?

A

10-20%

Emergency Care 13th Edition (17 decks)

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