EC Chp 17 Respiratory Emergencies

Question 1

Inspiration or Inhalation

Answer 1

An active process which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size fo the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs

Question 2

Expiration or Exhalation

Answer 2

A passive processs in which the rib muscles and diaphragm relax causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and forcing the air from the lungs

Question 3

Normal breathing is determined by what 3 things

Answer 3

Rate, Rhythm and Quality

Normal BPM
Adult: 12-20
Child: 15-30
Infant: 25-50

Question 4

Inadequate breathing from an infant or child

Answer 4

Nasal flaring
Grunting
Seesaw breathing
Retractions between the intercostal muscles.

Question 5

For Inadequate breathing what can you do to assist

Answer 5

1. Pocket face mask with supplimental O2
2. Two-rescuer BVM with 02
3. Flow Restricted oxygen powered ventilation device
4. One resource bag value mask with 02

Question 6

Adequate rate for artificial ventilation for adults and infants

Answer 6

10-12 breaths for adults

20 per minute for infants and children

Question 7

When Ausculating lung sounds what should you always do

Answer 7

Listen on both sides during inspiration and expiration

Question 8

Wheezes indicate?

Answer 8

Very common in asthma and COPD - emphysema and chronic bronchitis

They are high pitches sounds created by air moving through narrowed passages and most commonly heard through expiration

Question 9

Crackles or bubbling on inspiration is caused by

Answer 9

By fluid in the alveoli or by the opening of closed alveoli

Question 10

Rhonchi sounds like what?

Answer 10

Lower pitched sounds that resemble snoring or rattling. Which are caused by secreations in larger airways and may be seen in pneumonia or bronchitis or when materials are aspirated in the lungs
(Loser than crackles)

Question 11

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is?

Answer 11

A form of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) consisting of a mask and a means of blowing oxygen into the mast to prevent the airway collapse or to helps alleviate difficulty breathing

Question 12

Common uses for CPAP are?

Answer 12

Pulmonary edema and drowning

In which there is fluid in the alveoli that can be pushed out and back into the capillaries

Question 13

Contraindications for CPAP are

Answer 13

Mental status or lack of a normal respiratory rate, inability to sit up, hypotension, and inability to maintain a good mask seal.

Nausea, vomiting, penetrating chest trauma, shock, upper GI bleeding, facial trauma

Question 14

Side effects of CPAP

Answer 14

Cardiac input decreases resulting in drop in BP need to have Systolic BP of 90 mmHg
Hypotension
Pneumothorax (lung collapse
Increased aspiration

Can cause a weak section of the lungs to rupture, especially in patients with COPD and asthma
And drying of the cornea of the eyes

Question 15

What levels do the CPAP start at?

Answer 15

2-5 cm H20.

Question 16

What are common conditions under COPD?

Answer 16

Emphysema,
Chronic bronchitis
Black lung

Caused mostly by cigarette smoking.

Question 17

Chronic Bronchitis means

Answer 17

The bronchiole lining is inflamed and excess mucus is formed.
(Crackles are heard)

Question 18

emphysema is

Answer 18

When the walls of the alveoli breakdown, greatly reducing the surface area for respiratory exchange and lungs lose elasticity

Combined air laden with Co2 is trapped in the lungs reducing effectiveness of breathing efforts

Question 19

Asthma

Answer 19

A chronic disease that has episodic exacerbations or flares (affect the patient at irregular intervals).

While emphysema and chronicle Bronchitis continuously effect the patient

Question 20

What happens in an asthma attack?

Answer 20

The small bronchioles that lead to the air sacs of the lungs become narrowed because of the contractions of the muscles that make up the airway. Mucus is produced and small passages practically close down

The air flow is mainly restrained in one direction

Question 21

Pulmonary Edema

Answer 21

abnormal amount of fluid accumulated in the lungs. And effects patients with congestive heart failure

Question 22

Patients with CHF often have both left and right sided heart failure because…

Answer 22

The right side that receives blood from the body also backs up in the systematic circulation which can led to edema in lower parts of the body (legs)

Question 23

Signs of pulmonary edema

Answer 23

Recent weight gain in just a few days
Anxiety, place and sweaty skin, tachycardia, hypertension,
Respiration’s are rapid and labored and low oxygen saturation.

Question 24

Treatment for pulmonary edema

Answer 24

High concentrations of oxygen by mask unless the patients breathing is inadequate then you need to ventilate. And keep the patients legs on a depending position (hanging down)

Question 25

Pneumonia is?

Answer 25

An infection fo one or both lungs abused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It results from inhalation of certain microbes that grow in the lungs and cause inflammation. People with COPD and other respiratory diseases are more likely to get it.

Question 26

Signs and symptoms o Pneumonia

Answer 26

Coughing mucus (yellow, green, or bloody)
Fever, chest pain and severe chills.
Most but not all complain of shortness of breath with or without exertion.
Chest pain that is sharp and PLEURITIC(worsens on inhalation.
May hear crackles in just one region

Question 27

Pleuritic:

Answer 27

Sharp chest pain that worsens on inhalation.

Question 28

What is a Spontaneous Pneumothorax?

Answer 28

When a lung collapses without injury or another other obvious cause. And air leaks into the thorax.

This is usually a result of a rupture of a bleb (small section of the lung that is weak).

Question 29

Bleb

Answer 29

small section of the lung that is weak

Question 30

Symptoms and signs of spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer 30

A sharp, pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath.
Tire easily, tachycardic, breath fast and cyanosis
Do NOT provide CPAP

Question 31

Pulmonary Embolism can be defined as?

Answer 31

When blood clot, air or fat gets stuck in the blood vessel or artery in the lungs. Most common is a blood clot and starts in the vein in the leg or pelvis

Question 32

A dangerous type of clot is

Answer 32

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Occurs a lot in cancer patients and those sitting in one position for an extended period

Question 33

Other things that can block pulmonary arteries are

Answer 33

Significant amount of air

Marrow of a fractured bone

Question 34

Signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolus are

Answer 34

Extremely variable making it difficult to tested.

Administer oxygen and keep a high index of suspicion

Question 35

Epiglottitis

Answer 35

When an infection inflames the area around and above the epiglottis and can occlude or close off the airway.

Do not inspect the throat or agitate it anyway

Question 36

Epiglottitis was more a of childhood infection but now less common due to

Answer 36

Vaccination haemophilus influenzae type B.

Question 37

If Epiglottitis is not treated what percent can die?

Answer 37

10%.

Question 38

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) causes?

Answer 38

A genetic disease that causes a thick sticky mucus that accumulates int he Lungs and Digestive system. The mucus can cause life threatening infections.
No known prevention

Question 39

Symptoms of CF

Answer 39

Coughing with large amounts of mucus
Fatigue
Frequent pneumonia 
Abdominal pain
Coughing blood
Nausea and weight loss.

Question 40

Viral Respiratory Infection (common cold)

Answer 40

The most common affliction a person may get.

The cough can be persistence and produce sputum that is yellow or green. It usually for one or two weeks.

Question 41

Bronchoconstriction and most people with get what?

Answer 41

Constriction or blockage of the bronchi that lead front eh trachea to the lungs. Most people receive an inhaler with meds of a fine powder

Question 42

Medication used in metered dose can also be administered via a?

Answer 42

SVN or small-volume nebulizer. Allows meds to be taken during multiple breaths over several minutes due to the continuous flow
Used in hospitals and ambulances and prescribed to patients