EBP Quiz 1 Flashcards
3 Components of EBP
Research Evidence
Clinical Expertise
Patient Values
Steps of EBP - Iowa Model (10)
- Identify a project
- State question or purpose
- Is the topic a priority?
- Form a team
- Assemble, appraise, synthesize evidence
- Sufficient evidence? (decision)
- Design and pilot change in practice
- Is change appropriate for adoption in practice? (decision)
- Integrate change in practice
- Disseminate results
Qualities of QI
Impoving efficiency and work processes. (ie decreased wait times)
Qualities of Research
Generates new knowledge. No evidence currently exists.
Qualities of EBP
Looking to the evidence to try to figure out what works. There is already research showing best practice. “Consult the librarian”
The Belmont Report was formed in….
1974, result of National Research Act after Tuskeegee.
Belmont Report 3 Points
- Respect for Persons
- Beneficence
- Justice
Respect for Persons
- Informed consent
- Participants choose what can/cannot occur
- Protect those with diminished autonomy
Individuals are autonomous. Must protect those of diminished autonomy/vulnerable populations (children, prisoners, elderly, mental or physical disabilities, students, pregnant women, ethnic minorities).
Beneficence
Participants should not be harmed. Maximize benefits, minimize risk. Must disclose risks and benefits. There are risks to all research!
Justice
Risks and benefits should be distributed fairly. Must have fair procedures when selecting participants.
Informed Consent
- Understanding (purpose of study, what is expected of you)
- Comprehension (written at a level you can understand)
- Competence (can you legally sign?)
- Voluntariness (can withdraw whenever no questions asked)
- Disclosure (of risks, benefits, purpose)
IRB
Institutional Review Board. Purpose is to protect human subjects in the conduct of research.
- Informed Consent
- Voluntary
- Risk vs benefit
- Fair selection
- Ongoing monitoring
IRB members
- Diverse occupations/backgrounds. One must be from outside the institution.
IRB levels
Exempt - less than minimal risk
Expedited - potentially damaging information collected. Minimal risk, non-invasive procedures (blood draw, urine collection)
- Full board - more than minimal risk, experimental or drug studies, invasive procedures (biopsy, MRI)
Plagiarism
Must do more than change a few words of someone’s language. Quotations must be identical and attributed.
Paraphrasing
Taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly in to your own words. Must be attributed.
Summarizing
Putting main ideas into your own words, shorter than the original. Must be attributed.
Social Responsibilities
Obligations to act in the public’s interests.
Researchers have:
- General obligation to help others
- Special expertise
- Possibility that research and innovation will create new risks for society.
How can researchers act on social responsibilities?
- Understanding broader context of their work (technological momentum)
- Design and select projects carefully
- Engage with the public about options and implications so that a knowledgeable public can respond to new technologies
Technological Momentum
A system’s inertia or resistance to change
Scientists obligation to come to the aid of others
- Critical need (viable threat)
- Proximity - should be “close enough” to identify the threat
- Absence of other sources that can help
- Ability to help effectively, without substantial harm to self
Nurses’ role in research
- Promote ethical conduct of research
- Patient advocate
- Ask patients if enrolled in research upon admission
- Understand study requirements (additional vital signs etc)
- Recognize and report real or potential conflicts
