Community

Question 1

3 Components of Minnesota Intervention Wheel

Answer 1

Population Based
Levels of Practice
17 Interventions

Question 2

Population based means….

Answer 2

Focus on entire population (both population of interest and population at risk). Grounded in assessment of the population’s health status. Considers broad determinants of health. All levels of prevention, emphasis on primary. Intervenes with communities, systems, individuals, and families.

Question 3

Practice Levels (3)

Answer 3

Individual Focused
Community Focused
Systems Focused

Question 4

Individual Focused Practice Level

Answer 4

Changes in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices, and behaviors of individuals. Directed at individuals, alone or as part of a family, class, or group.

Question 5

Community Focused Practice Level

Answer 5

Changes in community norms, attitudes, awareness, practices, and behavior.

Question 6

Systems Focused Practice Level

Answer 6

Changes organizations, policies, laws and power structures. Often more effective and longer lasting way to impact population health.

Question 7

MN Intervention Wheel Generalities

Answer 7

Interventions are grouped together by similarities.

Right side: primarily individual, families, groups
Left side: primarily systems and communities

Question 8

Purple Interventions

Answer 8

Surveillance
Investigation
Outreach
Screening

Question 9

Green Interventions

Answer 9

Referral and follow up
Case management
Delegated functions

Question 10

Blue Interventions

Answer 10

Health teaching
Counseling
Consultation

Question 11

Orange Interventions

Answer 11

Collaboration
Coalition building
Community Organizing

Question 12

Yellow Interventions

Answer 12

Advocacy
Social marketing
Policy development & enforcement

Question 13

Surveillance

Answer 13

Purple. Describe and monitor health events through ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data.

Question 14

Investigation

Answer 14

Purple. Systematically gather and analyze data regarding threats to the health of populations

Question 15

Outreach

Answer 15

Purple. Locates populations of interest or risk and provides information

Question 16

Screening

Answer 16

Purple. Identify individuals with unrecognized health risk factors or asymptomatic disease conditions

Question 17

Case Finding

Answer 17

Anything done in the purple category at the individual level

Question 18

Referral and follow up

Answer 18

Green. Assist individuals, families, groups, organizations, communities to identify and access necessary resources

Question 19

Case management

Answer 19

Green. Optimizes self-care capabilities of individuals and families and capacity of systems and communities to coordinate and provide services.

Question 20

Delegated functions

Answer 20

Green. Direct care tasks an RN carries out under the authority of a health care practitioner as allowed by law

Question 21

Health teaching

Answer 21

Blue. Communicates facts, ideas, and skills that change knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of individuals, families, systems, and/or communities

Question 22

Counseling

Answer 22

Blue. Establishes an interpersonal relationship with a community, a system, family, or individual intended to increase or enhance their capacity for self-care and coping. Emotional level.

Question 23

Consultation

Answer 23

Blue. Seeks information and generates optional solutions to perceived problems or issues through interactive problem solving with a community, system, family or individual. The community, system, family or individual selects and acts on the best option.

Question 24

Collaboration

Answer 24

Orange. Commits two or more persons or organizations to achieve a common goal

Question 25

Coalition Building

Answer 25

Orange. Promotes and develops alliances among organizations or constituencies for a common purpose. Linkages, solves problems, enhances local leadership.

Question 26

Community Organizing

Answer 26

Orange. Helps community groups to identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies to meet goals.

Question 27

Advocacy

Answer 27

Yellow. Pleads someone's case or act on someone's behalf, with a focus on developing the capacity or the community, system, individual, or family.

Question 28

Social Marketing

Answer 28

Yellow. Utilizes commercial marketing principles and technologies for programs designed to influence knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices.

Question 29

Policy Development & Enforcement

Answer 29

Yellow. Places health issues on agendas. Results in laws, rules, regulation, ordinances, and policies. Compels others to comply with them.

Question 30

Public Health Nursing

Answer 30

Synthesis of nursing theory and public health theory applied to promoting and preserving health of populations. Population based. Preventing disease and disability and promoting and protecting the health of the community as a whole.

Question 31

Public Health is....

Answer 31

...what we do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy.

Question 32

Quad Council

Answer 32

Published Scope and Standards of Public Health Nursing Practice & Core Competencies. Members: - Public health nursing section of American Public Health Association - Association of state and territorial directors of public health nursing - Association of community health nurse educators - National association of school nurses

Question 33

How is PHN a Population-Based Practice?

Answer 33

Focus is on the entire population, it is grounded in the assessment of the population's health status. Considers broad determinants of health, emphasizes all levels of prevention, and intervenes with communities, systems, individuals, and families.

Question 34

Determinants of Health - WHO

Answer 34

The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, including the health system. Mostly responsible for health inequities. Power, money, resources.

Question 35

Determinants of Health - HP 2020

Answer 35

The range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status. Policymaking, social factors, health services, individual behavior, biology and genetics. Interrelationship.

Question 36

Socio-Ecological Model levels (5)

Answer 36

``` Public Policy Community Organizational Interpersonal Individual ```

Question 37

Health impact pyramid

Answer 37

Counseling and education (least effective) Clinical Interventions Long-Lasting Protective Interventions Changing the Context to Make Individuals' Default Decisions Healthy Socioeconomic Factors (most effective)

Question 38

Primary Prevention

Answer 38

Preventing initial occurrence of disease and illness. Vax, hand hygiene, helmets, genetic counseling

Question 39

Secondary Prevention

Answer 39

Early detection of disease and treatments with goal of limiting severity and adverse events. Screening, early recognition, early treatment.

Question 40

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 40

Maximization of recovery after an illness or injury. Rehabilitation, support groups, case management

Question 41

3 Core Public Health Functions

Answer 41

Assessment Policy Development (&Planning) Assurance

Question 42

Assessment - Core Public Health Function

Answer 42

Systematically collecting data on the population, monitoring the population's health status, making information available about the health of a community

Question 43

Policy Development (&Planning) - Core Public Health Function

Answer 43

Provide leadership in developing policies that support the health of the population

Question 44

Assurance - Core Public Health Function

Answer 44

Ensuring essential community-oriented health services are available

Question 45

Assessment - 10 Essential Public Health Services (2)

Answer 45

- Monitor health status to identify community health problesm - Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community (ie assess water quality, mosquito surveillance, investigate food borne illnesses)

Question 46

Policy Development (&Planning) 10 Essential Public Health Services (3)

Answer 46

- Inform, educate, empower people about health issues - Mobilize community partnerships to id and solve health problems - Develop policies and plans that support individual and community efforts (ie community health education, tobacco-free coalitions, collaborations with partnerships for special populations or to deal with a specific problem)

Question 47

Assurance - 10 Essential Public Health Services (5)

Answer 47

- Enforce laws and regulation that protect health and ensure safety - Link people to needed personal health services - Ensure a competent public health and personal health workforce - Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population based health serveices - Research new insights and innovative solutions to health problems (ie inspections, WIC, workforce development)

Question 48

What is a logic model?

Answer 48

Inputs -> Outputs -> Outcomes A graphic depiction of a program showing what the program will do and what it is to accomplish. A series of if/then relationships that, if implemented as intended, lead to the desired outcomes. A core method program planning and evaluation.

Question 49

Action Plans

Answer 49

What actions/changes will occur Who will carry out these changes By when will they take place, and for how long What resources are needed to carry out these changes Communication (who should know what?) Plan should be complete, clear, and current.

Question 50

Formative Evaluation

Answer 50

Before program begins or new program. Needs assessment or needs evaluation of the process/implementation. Ask: To what extent is the need being met? What can be done to address this need? Is the program operating as planned?

Question 51

Summative Evaluation

Answer 51

Established or mature program. Assessing outcomes or impacts. Ask: is the program achieving its objectives? What predicted and unpredicted impacts has the program had?

Question 52

6 Steps for Conducting an Evaluation

Answer 52

1. Engage stakeholders 2. Identify program elements to monitor 3. Select key evaluation questions 4. Determine how the information will be gathered 5. Develop a data analysis and reporting plan 6. Ensure use and share lessons learned.