Community Flashcards
3 Components of Minnesota Intervention Wheel
Population Based
Levels of Practice
17 Interventions
Population based means….
Focus on entire population (both population of interest and population at risk). Grounded in assessment of the population’s health status. Considers broad determinants of health. All levels of prevention, emphasis on primary. Intervenes with communities, systems, individuals, and families.
Practice Levels (3)
Individual Focused
Community Focused
Systems Focused
Individual Focused Practice Level
Changes in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices, and behaviors of individuals. Directed at individuals, alone or as part of a family, class, or group.
Community Focused Practice Level
Changes in community norms, attitudes, awareness, practices, and behavior.
Systems Focused Practice Level
Changes organizations, policies, laws and power structures. Often more effective and longer lasting way to impact population health.
MN Intervention Wheel Generalities
Interventions are grouped together by similarities.
Right side: primarily individual, families, groups
Left side: primarily systems and communities
Purple Interventions
Surveillance
Investigation
Outreach
Screening
Green Interventions
Referral and follow up
Case management
Delegated functions
Blue Interventions
Health teaching
Counseling
Consultation
Orange Interventions
Collaboration
Coalition building
Community Organizing
Yellow Interventions
Advocacy
Social marketing
Policy development & enforcement
Surveillance
Purple. Describe and monitor health events through ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data.
Investigation
Purple. Systematically gather and analyze data regarding threats to the health of populations
Outreach
Purple. Locates populations of interest or risk and provides information
Screening
Purple. Identify individuals with unrecognized health risk factors or asymptomatic disease conditions
Case Finding
Anything done in the purple category at the individual level
Referral and follow up
Green. Assist individuals, families, groups, organizations, communities to identify and access necessary resources
Case management
Green. Optimizes self-care capabilities of individuals and families and capacity of systems and communities to coordinate and provide services.
Delegated functions
Green. Direct care tasks an RN carries out under the authority of a health care practitioner as allowed by law
Health teaching
Blue. Communicates facts, ideas, and skills that change knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of individuals, families, systems, and/or communities
Counseling
Blue. Establishes an interpersonal relationship with a community, a system, family, or individual intended to increase or enhance their capacity for self-care and coping. Emotional level.
Consultation
Blue. Seeks information and generates optional solutions to perceived problems or issues through interactive problem solving with a community, system, family or individual. The community, system, family or individual selects and acts on the best option.
Collaboration
Orange. Commits two or more persons or organizations to achieve a common goal
Coalition Building
Orange. Promotes and develops alliances among organizations or constituencies for a common purpose. Linkages, solves problems, enhances local leadership.
Community Organizing
Orange. Helps community groups to identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies to meet goals.
Advocacy
Yellow. Pleads someone’s case or act on someone’s behalf, with a focus on developing the capacity or the community, system, individual, or family.
Social Marketing
Yellow. Utilizes commercial marketing principles and technologies for programs designed to influence knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices.
Policy Development & Enforcement
Yellow. Places health issues on agendas. Results in laws, rules, regulation, ordinances, and policies. Compels others to comply with them.
Public Health Nursing
Synthesis of nursing theory and public health theory applied to promoting and preserving health of populations. Population based. Preventing disease and disability and promoting and protecting the health of the community as a whole.
Public Health is….
…what we do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy.
Quad Council
Published Scope and Standards of Public Health Nursing Practice & Core Competencies.
Members:
- Public health nursing section of American Public Health Association
- Association of state and territorial directors of public health nursing
- Association of community health nurse educators
- National association of school nurses
How is PHN a Population-Based Practice?
Focus is on the entire population, it is grounded in the assessment of the population’s health status. Considers broad determinants of health, emphasizes all levels of prevention, and intervenes with communities, systems, individuals, and families.
Determinants of Health - WHO
The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, including the health system. Mostly responsible for health inequities. Power, money, resources.
Determinants of Health - HP 2020
The range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status. Policymaking, social factors, health services, individual behavior, biology and genetics. Interrelationship.
Socio-Ecological Model levels (5)
Public Policy Community Organizational Interpersonal Individual
Health impact pyramid
Counseling and education (least effective)
Clinical Interventions
Long-Lasting Protective Interventions
Changing the Context to Make Individuals’ Default Decisions Healthy
Socioeconomic Factors (most effective)
Primary Prevention
Preventing initial occurrence of disease and illness. Vax, hand hygiene, helmets, genetic counseling
Secondary Prevention
Early detection of disease and treatments with goal of limiting severity and adverse events. Screening, early recognition, early treatment.
Tertiary Prevention
Maximization of recovery after an illness or injury. Rehabilitation, support groups, case management
3 Core Public Health Functions
Assessment
Policy Development (&Planning)
Assurance
Assessment - Core Public Health Function
Systematically collecting data on the population, monitoring the population’s health status, making information available about the health of a community
Policy Development (&Planning) - Core Public Health Function
Provide leadership in developing policies that support the health of the population
Assurance - Core Public Health Function
Ensuring essential community-oriented health services are available
Assessment - 10 Essential Public Health Services (2)
- Monitor health status to identify community health problesm
- Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
(ie assess water quality, mosquito surveillance, investigate food borne illnesses)
Policy Development (&Planning) 10 Essential Public Health Services (3)
- Inform, educate, empower people about health issues
- Mobilize community partnerships to id and solve health problems
- Develop policies and plans that support individual and community efforts
(ie community health education, tobacco-free coalitions, collaborations with partnerships for special populations or to deal with a specific problem)
Assurance - 10 Essential Public Health Services (5)
- Enforce laws and regulation that protect health and ensure safety
- Link people to needed personal health services
- Ensure a competent public health and personal health workforce
- Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population based health serveices
- Research new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
(ie inspections, WIC, workforce development)
What is a logic model?
Inputs -> Outputs -> Outcomes
A graphic depiction of a program showing what the program will do and what it is to accomplish. A series of if/then relationships that, if implemented as intended, lead to the desired outcomes. A core method program planning and evaluation.
Action Plans
What actions/changes will occur
Who will carry out these changes
By when will they take place, and for how long
What resources are needed to carry out these changes
Communication (who should know what?)
Plan should be complete, clear, and current.
Formative Evaluation
Before program begins or new program. Needs assessment or needs evaluation of the process/implementation. Ask: To what extent is the need being met? What can be done to address this need? Is the program operating as planned?
Summative Evaluation
Established or mature program. Assessing outcomes or impacts. Ask: is the program achieving its objectives? What predicted and unpredicted impacts has the program had?
6 Steps for Conducting an Evaluation
- Engage stakeholders
- Identify program elements to monitor
- Select key evaluation questions
- Determine how the information will be gathered
- Develop a data analysis and reporting plan
- Ensure use and share lessons learned.
