Ebola

Question 1

when was the first ever case of ebola recorded

Answer 1

1976

Question 2

Ebola virus’s formal name

Answer 2

Ebola haemorrhagic fever

Question 3

Ebola’s death percentage of infected

Answer 3

up to 90%

Question 4

Average fatality rate

Answer 4

50%

Question 5

where do most infection occur

Answer 5

in sub saharan African

Question 6

what is it called when a virus effects both animals and humans

Answer 6

Zoonotic

Question 7

where does the name ebola come from

Answer 7

the ebola river, situated near the village in the DRC where the first outbreak appeared

Question 8

what are the initial symptoms

Answer 8

headaches
muscle and joint pain
loss of appetite
sore throat
bleeding or bruising without obvious cause
abdominal pan
impaired kidney and liver

Question 9

what are the advanced symtoms

Answer 9

blood blisters
red eyes
bleeding from the nose and mouth
internal bleeding
hypotension, multiple organ failure and health

Question 10

explain the process by which a human may become infected with ebola

Answer 10

person can become infected when encountering an infected animal, such as a fruit bat, monkey, or chimpanzee. The virus’s origin is unknown, but most evidence points to the pteropodidae fruit bat as a key host

Question 11

explain why it is important for people infected with ebola to be admitted to isolation wards

Answer 11

transmission can be through direct contact with an infected person via the skin or mucous. Bodily fluids can include sweat, saliva, faeces, breast milk, semen or urine

Question 12

define ebola

Answer 12

An infectious and frequently fatal disease marked by fever and severe internal bleeding, spreading through contact with infected body fluids by a filovirus (Ebola virus)

Question 13

describe the spatial distribution of ebola outbreaks

Answer 13

to date, local transmission of Ebola in humans has been isolated to the African continent, with outbreaks occurring in the DRC, South Sudan, Uganda, Rupublic of Congo, Guinea, Liberia, Etc

Question 14

describe the temporal distribution of Ebola outbreaks

Answer 14

to date, there have been around 30 human Ebola outbreaks between 1976 and 2021, resulting in more than 300,000 reported clinical cases and 12,630 deaths

Question 15

describe the temporal distribution of Ebola outbreaks

Answer 15

to date, there have been around 30 human Ebola outbreaks between 1976 and 2021, resulting in more than 300,000 reported clinical cases and 12,630 deaths

Question 16

explain why less developed countries are more vulnerable to Ebola than more developed countries like the USA

Answer 16

Because they often have a wide range of physical and human factors that are not very good. this means that the spread of viruses such as ebola is much more common in less developed countries like west Africa. For example education in West, Africa is limited and therefore they are uneducated on the risk of Ebola and how to prevent it. this directly impacts the spread.

while developed countries like the USA have a good education on ebola and therefore people are aware of the disease and can actively fight it.

Question 17

explain the human factors that affect the distribution of ebola

Answer 17

social behavior- people caring for the sick are likely to become sick

Economy- economy that have been established are more likely to spread through various networks- roads, streets, gatherings

Health system- countries with bad health care will suffer more and lose more lives from ebola

Question 18

describe how social behavior impacts the distribution of ebola

Answer 18

it is only natural for humans to care for the sick, assisting with their cleaning and feeding during a period of illness

Therefore, given that Ebola is transmitted between humans through biological fluids, this rapidly increases the rate of infection within communities.

This also extends to healthcare workers who do not follow correct infection control procedures while treating Ebola patients.

Question 19

describe how the economy impacts the distribution of ebola

Answer 19

As high-risk countries become more economically developed, the spatial impact of ebola can be magnified due to the establishment of road networks, agriculture practices, and large population migration to urban areas.

This causes rapid spread

Question 20

describe how health systems impact the distribution of ebola

Answer 20

lots of west africa have a poor health care system. there is no familiarity for clinical diagnosis, laboratory support for diagnosis was not established, and health facilities were not adequately resourced

as a result of these factors ebola is able to cause more damage to the population, causing more loss of life.

Question 21

explain the physical factors that affect the distribution of ebola

Answer 21

climate- the correlation between location, specifically climate, and the risk of Ebola is high. Different climates can cause worse impacts

geographical location- most outbreaks have been contained to remote rural areas and were controlled rapidly, with support from WHO and other international partners

Question 22

describe how climate impacts the distribution of ebola

Answer 22

It has been observed that hydrologic changes can influence forest fruit production.

Foraging behavior in frugivorous species can be strongly influenced by seasonally driven temporal and spatial clustering of scare fruit resources.

This increases the presence of Ebola as frugivorous species are known to be the main course of ebola

ebola outbreaks are also more likely to occur in times of high absolute humidity, due to increased fruit production and the eating habits of animals that can transmit Ebola becoming more active

in areas of higher rainfall, roads become impassable. It makes it difficult to seek healthcare and implement infection control measures, which directly increases the risk of Ebola transmission.

Question 23

describe how geographical location impacts the distribution of ebola

Answer 23

most outbreaks have been contained in remote rural areas and were controlled rapidly, with support from WHO and other international partners.

the pteropodidae fruit bat is the reservoir host for both human and animal diseases. Thus the spatial distribution of Ebola is influenced by the natural territory of the bat.

through there is uncertainty about which species can transmit Ebola to humans, the fruit bat has been identified as the most likely origin of transmission to humans.

Question 24

what does WHO stand for

Answer 24

world health organization

Question 25

which countries have been most vulnerable to Ebola outbreaks

Answer 25

West Africa due to they perfect geographical location and climate