Eating Disorders (week 9) Flashcards
What is Fatphobia?
The fear of being fat and the oppression of overweight individuals
what percentage of children under the age of 12 are described as “picky eaters”?
25% more so girls over boys
What are the two major types of DSM - 5 eating disorders?
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
Name the 4 other subtypes of DSM-5 eating disorders
Binge - eating disorder
Rumination disorder
Pica
Avoidant/ resistant food intake disorder
How would you describe anorexia nervosa?
- restriction to energy intake leads to significantly low body weight
- Intensely afraid of gaining weight
- constant lack of recognition of the seriousness of their low body weight
Anorexia nervosa: Restricting
weight loss through dieting , fasting and excessive exercise. in the last 3 months no binge eating or purging
Anorexia nervosa: Binge eating / purging
in the last 3 months, recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging
Name the associated features of anorexia nervosa
- majority show disturbance in their body image
- high comorbidity with anxiety and mood disorders
- brittle hair
- dry skin
- Lanugo (downy hair on cheeks)
- low blood pressure
- low heart rate
When does anorexia nervosa usually develop?
early adolescence
is anorexia nervosa chronic?
yes and treatment resistant
What is the mortality rate of anorexia nervosa?
higher mortality rate compared to any other psychological disorder (20% die as a result of this disorder)
- 20-30% deaths are from suicide
How would you describe bulimia nervosa?
- Recurrent episodes of binge eating, needs to have both: within a discrete period of time (2 hours) and an amount of food larger than most people would eat.
- inappropriate compensatory behaviour (vomiting)
- at least once a week for 3 months
- not anorexia
What are the associated features of bulimia nervosa?
- most are within 10% of target body weight
- high comorbidity with anxiety and mood disorders (some relationship with substance use issues)
-Purging methods and medical problems- intestinal problems
- dental enamel erosion
- electrolyte imbalance
Is bulimia nervosa chronic?
tends to be chronic if left untreated
Onset of bulimia nervosa
mid to late adolescence or young adulthood (majority are female)
Binge eating disorder (DSM criteria: A)
A.
- recurrent binge eating needs both: within a discrete period of time (2 hours), amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat
- sense of a lack of control
Binge eating disorder (DSM criteria: B)
3 or more additional symptoms
* Eating much more rapidly than normal
* Eating until feeling uncomfortably full
* Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry
* Eating alone because of being embarrassed by how much one is eating
* Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty after overeating
Binge eating disorder (DSM criteria: C,D,E)
C. Distressed by binge eating
D. At least once a week for 3 months
E. No compensatory behaviour, not AN or BN
Age of onset of Anorexia, Bulimia, BED
Anorexia: 14 and 18
Bulimia: mid to late adolescence
BED: late adolescence
Who is more at risk for developing eating disorders?
predominantly female
males start later
gay men are at a greater than heterosexual men
Other causes of bulimia and anorexia could be:
- dieting: leads to binges or weight gain
- Food restriction leads to preoccupation with food (bad)
- low self confidence, high perfectionism
- At risk groups: ballet dancers, gymnasts
predisposing individual factors of eating disorders
- mood swings
- poor impulse control
- obsessive-compulsive behaviours
- lots of co-morbidity with OCD, depression and anxiety
Eating disorders and NSSI
- high comorbidity
(among individuals who
self injure 25-40% also
report engaging in
disordered eating - cope with feelings
-communicate some underlying distress
Medical treatment of anorexia
none with demonstrated efficacy
psychological treatment of anorexia
- weight restoration
- nutrition
- family and individual therapy
- smaller, more frequent meals with observation
- prevention of compensatory strategies
weigh ins
Medical treatment for bulimia
-antidepressants to help reduce bingeing and purging behaviour
(not efficacious in the long term)
Psychological treatment of bulimia
-CBT
- interpersonal psychotherapy results in longterm gains similar to CBT
- Distress tolerance
