Eating Disorders (week 9)

Question 1

What is Fatphobia?

Answer 1

The fear of being fat and the oppression of overweight individuals

Question 2

what percentage of children under the age of 12 are described as “picky eaters”?

Answer 2

25% more so girls over boys

Question 3

What are the two major types of DSM - 5 eating disorders?

Answer 3

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Question 4

Name the 4 other subtypes of DSM-5 eating disorders

Answer 4

Binge - eating disorder
Rumination disorder
Pica
Avoidant/ resistant food intake disorder

Question 5

How would you describe anorexia nervosa?

Answer 5

• restriction to energy intake leads to significantly low body weight
• Intensely afraid of gaining weight
• constant lack of recognition of the seriousness of their low body weight

Question 6

Anorexia nervosa: Restricting

Answer 6

weight loss through dieting , fasting and excessive exercise. in the last 3 months no binge eating or purging

Question 7

Anorexia nervosa: Binge eating / purging

Answer 7

in the last 3 months, recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging

Question 8

Name the associated features of anorexia nervosa

Answer 8

• majority show disturbance in their body image
• high comorbidity with anxiety and mood disorders
• brittle hair
• dry skin
• Lanugo (downy hair on cheeks)
• low blood pressure
• low heart rate

Question 9

When does anorexia nervosa usually develop?

Answer 9

early adolescence

Question 10

is anorexia nervosa chronic?

Answer 10

yes and treatment resistant

Question 11

What is the mortality rate of anorexia nervosa?

Answer 11

higher mortality rate compared to any other psychological disorder (20% die as a result of this disorder)
- 20-30% deaths are from suicide

Question 12

How would you describe bulimia nervosa?

Answer 12

• Recurrent episodes of binge eating, needs to have both: within a discrete period of time (2 hours) and an amount of food larger than most people would eat.
• inappropriate compensatory behaviour (vomiting)
• at least once a week for 3 months
• not anorexia

Question 13

What are the associated features of bulimia nervosa?

Answer 13

• most are within 10% of target body weight
• high comorbidity with anxiety and mood disorders (some relationship with substance use issues)
  -Purging methods and medical problems
  
  • intestinal problems
  • dental enamel erosion
  • electrolyte imbalance

Question 14

Is bulimia nervosa chronic?

Answer 14

tends to be chronic if left untreated

Question 15

Onset of bulimia nervosa

Answer 15

mid to late adolescence or young adulthood (majority are female)

Question 16

Binge eating disorder (DSM criteria: A)

Answer 16

A.
- recurrent binge eating needs both: within a discrete period of time (2 hours), amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat
- sense of a lack of control

Question 17

Binge eating disorder (DSM criteria: B)

Answer 17

3 or more additional symptoms
* Eating much more rapidly than normal
* Eating until feeling uncomfortably full
* Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry
* Eating alone because of being embarrassed by how much one is eating
* Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty after overeating

Question 18

Binge eating disorder (DSM criteria: C,D,E)

Answer 18

C. Distressed by binge eating
D. At least once a week for 3 months
E. No compensatory behaviour, not AN or BN

Question 19

Age of onset of Anorexia, Bulimia, BED

Answer 19

Anorexia: 14 and 18
Bulimia: mid to late adolescence
BED: late adolescence

Question 20

Who is more at risk for developing eating disorders?

Answer 20

predominantly female
males start later
gay men are at a greater than heterosexual men

Question 21

Other causes of bulimia and anorexia could be:

Answer 21

• dieting: leads to binges or weight gain
• Food restriction leads to preoccupation with food (bad)
• low self confidence, high perfectionism
• At risk groups: ballet dancers, gymnasts

Question 22

predisposing individual factors of eating disorders

Answer 22

• mood swings
• poor impulse control
• obsessive-compulsive behaviours
• lots of co-morbidity with OCD, depression and anxiety

Question 23

Eating disorders and NSSI

Answer 23

• high comorbidity
  (among individuals who
  self injure 25-40% also
  report engaging in
  disordered eating
• cope with feelings
  -communicate some underlying distress

Question 24

Medical treatment of anorexia

Answer 24

none with demonstrated efficacy

Question 25

psychological treatment of anorexia

Answer 25

• weight restoration
• nutrition
• family and individual therapy
• smaller, more frequent meals with observation
• prevention of compensatory strategies
  weigh ins

Question 26

Medical treatment for bulimia

Answer 26

-antidepressants to help reduce bingeing and purging behaviour
(not efficacious in the long term)

Question 27

Psychological treatment of bulimia

Answer 27

-CBT
- interpersonal psychotherapy results in longterm gains similar to CBT
- Distress tolerance