Eating Disorders Flashcards
AN subtypes
Restricting type and binge-eating type
Factors of AN restricting type
- No binge eating/purging within last 3 months
- weight loss through dieting, fasting or excessive exercise
Fairburn (2013): binge eating case
Strong desire-> relief and comfort -> guilt and anger
Hudson et al (2007) USA AN prevalence:
15-19 year olds
1% females, 0.5% males
Consequences of AN
Hair thins, malnourished body, stress
Which eating disorder that the highest mortality rate of any mental disorder
Anorexia Nervosa
Factors of Bulimia Nervosa
- Recurrent episodes of binge eating
- recurrent inappropriate behaviours in order to prevent weight gain e.g. Self-induced vomiting
- can occur at least 1 month for 3 months
- self-evaluation influenced by body weight and shape
Subtypes of Bulimia Nervosa
Purging and non-purging
Oltmanns and Emergy (2015) case of BN
Binge eating-> self induced vomiting -> scared of gaining weight-> shameful
Binge-Eating disorder factors
- Recurrent episodes of binge eating
- occurs with 3+ of eating more rapidly than normal, eating large amounts when not hungry, eating alone and feeling guilty/depressed after
- marked distress
- occurs at least 1 week for 3 months
- NO purging
Diagnostic cross over is frequent for which disorders?
AN-> BN
BED -> BN
Assessment of eating disorders (3 types)
Medical, clinical interview and self-report measures
Medical assessment of eating disorders
Physiological assessment (blood, heart, weight) and BMI
Clinical interview to assess eating disorders
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM disorders and Eating disorders examination (EDE)
Self report measures for assessing eating disorders
Eating disorders examination questionnaire (Fairburn and Beglin, 1994); Eating disorders interview-3 (Garner, 2004), SCOFF (Hill et al., 2009)
What does the Self report measure SCOFF stand for?
Sick, control, one (stone), fat and food
ED has high comorbidity with…
ADHD (20% of AN patients) OC traits in 50% of AN patients Anxiety disorders Depression Alcohol and substance misuse
Aetiology of AN and BN
Biological factors, sociocultural factors, family influences and individual factors
The biological factors of AN and BN
- Twins (50-80% heritability)
- brain structure differences (need more evidence)
- set point hypothesis (set weight)
- serotonin levels higher in ED patients
Sociocultural context of ED
individualistic cultures (Becker, 2004)- Figi tv- 30 girls developed ED after 3 year follow up
Family influences of ED
- parental thinness ideal (comments from parents)
- family dysfunction (lack of cohesion and poor communication)
Individual risk factors of ED
- gender (women more likely)
- sexual orientation (gay)
- internalised fear ideal
- perfectionism
- negative body image
- dieting
- negative emotionality/depression
- child abuse/ neglect
Causes of obesity
- Genes
- Abnormalities in leptin (reduces appetite) and grehlin (increases appetite)
- society: Rozin et al (2003): Paris portions smaller than Philly (USA)
- family influences in culture
- stress = comfort food
Treatment for AN
Antidepressants and family therapy
