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Adult Psychological Problems > Bi-Polar Disorder > Flashcards

Bi-Polar Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

Bipolar 1

A

Mania with depression

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2
Q

Bipolar 2

A

Depression with mania (common and serious)

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3
Q

Cyclothymia

A

Mood disorder- emotional mood swings

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4
Q

Symptoms of bipolar 1

A

Irritability, euphoria, grandiose ideas, racing thoughts

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5
Q

Symptoms of bipolar 2

A

At least 1 major episode of depression, at least 1 hypomanic episode

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6
Q

Epidemiology of BPD 1 and 2 lifetime prevalence

A

3.9%

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7
Q

Lifetime prevalence of Cyclothymia

A

4.2%

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8
Q

Mean age onset of BPD

A

25

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9
Q

Bipolar disorder is highest comorbidity with what other M.D?

A

ADHD

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10
Q

What does BPD share comorbidity with?

A

ADHD, Panic attacks, substance abuse

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11
Q

Recurrence of BPD

A

37%

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12
Q

Ptps and studies in the systematic review (Cignac, 2015)

A

8 studies, 734 ptps

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13
Q

What did Cignac (2015) systematic review find?

A

26%: 6 months, 41%: 1 year, 60%: 4 years

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14
Q

Suicide rates BPD

A

50% attempt, 11% complete

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15
Q

Risk factors of Suicide in BPD

A

No sense of future, parents left, social isolation, no employment

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16
Q

Predictors of depression

A

Stressful life events, low social support, expressed emotion, neuroticism, negative cognitive style

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17
Q

Explain stressful life events prediction of depression

A

Johnson and Miller (1997): longer time to recover and more severe

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18
Q

Studies on expressed emotion predictor of depression

A

Miklowitz et al (1998): 360 patients, 1 year follow up, distress in response to critique predicted depression, mania and days in recovery

Miklowitz et al (1998): within 9 months, patients with families with EE relapse 94% vs 17% in low EE

19
Q

Predictors of mania

A

Manic defence hypothesis, goal disregulation and schedule disruption

20
Q

Treatments of BPD

A

Pharmacology, psychological interventions, family-focused treatment, CBT, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT)

21
Q

What is the study to compare treatments for BPD?

A

Systematic treatment enhancing programmes (STEP-BD)

22
Q

What is the manic defence hypothesis?

A

Based on psychodynamic ideas of defence against negative experiences (Perry, 1986)- discriminators of BPD groups

23
Q

What is the goal disregulation hypothesis?

A

Excessive focus on goals (Johnson et al, 2000 increased manic episodes after success a lot goal; 2005 increased confidence after false success feedback)

24
Q

Who found that during manic episodes, patients paid less attention to negative stimuli?

A

Lembke and Ketter (2002)

25
Q

What is the schedule disruption hypothesis?

A

Events that disrupt routine and sleep precede manic episodes (malkoff-Schwartz et al 2002)

26
Q

What is the pharmacology treatment?

A

Medications e.g Antipsychotics

27
Q

Who recommends the pharmacology treatment?

A

APA and NICE (Lehman et al, 2004)

28
Q

What is used in conjunction with antipsychotics?

A

Stabilisers like Lithium

29
Q

Why is lithium used with antipsychotics?

A

To inhibit neural activity

30
Q

What is the frontline treatment for prophylaxis of BPD?

A

Lithium

31
Q

Positives of pharmacology treatment?

A

Antidepressants effective, non-adherence is low (only 20%)

32
Q

What is the psychological interventions treatment?

A

Psychoeducation, group intervention and individual intervention

33
Q

What strategies are taught in psychoeducation?

A

Identify symptoms, increase adherence and reduce risk behaviour

34
Q

Positives of group interventions

A

Reduces stigma, learn self-care from others, less relapse, multidisciplinary

35
Q

Criticism of group interventions

A

High drop out rates (30%)

36
Q

Family focused intervention (miklowitz, et al, 2000) includes

A

Improving knowledge of BPD, reducing EE, enhancing communication, problem-solving training

37
Q

Cognitive behavioural therapy better for which mental disorder?

A

Depression, can be good for BPD (Scott et al, 2006)

38
Q

Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy

A

Based on idea that disruption to routine is a risk factor of BPD

Teaches skills to stabilise social rhythms e.g. Bedroom for sleeping, dark

39
Q

Positives of IPSRT

A

Puts control in patients life, Frank et al (2005)- adds clinical management of BPD in management of preventing new episodes

40
Q

Systematic treatment enhancing programmes (STEP BD) results for comparison between psychotherapy and psychointervention.

A

No difference

41
Q

STEP BD result for comorbidity with anxiety disorder

A

Did better on intensive psychotherapy (Dekersbach et al, 2014)

42
Q

People with extreme negative attribution did _____ (Strange et al, 2013)

A

Worse, regardless of treatment

43
Q

DSM 5 (2013) criteria for BPD

A

Major depressive episodes, manic episodes, mixed episodes, hypo manic episodes

Adult Psychological Problems (6 decks)

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