Eating Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Eating disorders
A
- Persistent disturbance in eating behavior.
2
Q
Anorexia nervosa
A
- Lack of appetite induced by nervousness.
- Intense fear of gaining weight combined with behaviors that result in a significantly low body weight.
- Purging vs restrictive type = the way they maintain their very low weight.
3
Q
Anorexia nervosa: Restricting type
A
- Efforts to limit the quantity of food consumed. Calorie intake controlled, avoidance of eating in front of others, eating excessively slow or cut their food into small pieces/dispose their food.
4
Q
Anorexia nervosa: Purging/binge-eating type
A
- Either binge, purge, or binge and purge.
- Binge: out-of-control consumption of food, might be followed by activities that remove the food eaten.
- Purge: ways to remove food from the body, self-induced vomiting, laxatives etc. Exercise/fasting is not purging.
5
Q
Bulimia nervosa
A
- Uncontrollable binge eating and efforts to prevent resulting in weight gain by using purging techniques.
- Normal weight or slight overweight.
- Begins with restricted eating motivated by desire to be slim. Then, gradually erodes and starts eating ‘forbidden foods’. This is followed by purging.
- Average binge is 4800 calories.
6
Q
Binge eating disorder
A
- After a binge, the person does not engage in any form of inappropriate behaviors.
- Less dietary restrain.
-Associated with being overweight or even obese.
7
Q
Age of onset
A
- Anorexia: starts at 7 but usually develops at 15-19 years.
- Bulimia: 20-24 years.
- Binge eating: 30-50 years.
8
Q
Gender differences
A
- 3:1 women vs men.
- Gender bias in the DSM-5.
- Homosexual men have higher rates of eating disorders than heterosexual men.
9
Q
Prevalence
A
- Anorexia: 1%
- Bulimia: 0.9%
- Binge-eating: 2%
10
Q
Medical complication: Anorexia
A
- Highest mortality rate.
- 3% die from the consequences of self-imposed starvation.
Body complications: - Hair thinks and brittles
- Blood: anemia and others
- Muscles and joints: weak muscles, swollen joints, fractures, osteoporosis.
- Kidney stones and failure.
- Low potassium, magnesium and sodium
- Constipation, bloating.
- Bruise easily, dry skin, growth of fine hair, cold easily, yellow skin, nails brittle.
- Low blood pressure, slow heart rate, heart failure.
- Period stops, bone loss, trouble getting pregnant, miscarriage, post partum depression.
- Brain and nerves: bad memory, fainting, changed brain chemistry, cant think straight etc.
11
Q
Medical complications: Bulimia
A
- Less lethal
Body effects: - Electrolyte imbalances and low potassium from purging = risk for heart abnormalities.
- Damage to the heart muscles may be due to using ipecac syrup (vomiting)
- Tears to the throat may occur or calluses on the hands due to self vomiting.
- Teeth damage also occurs damage the contents of the stomach is acidic (brushing after is worse).
- Swollen parotid (saliva) glands caused by vomiting
- Small red dots around your eyes due to pressure of vomiting.
12
Q
Course and outcomes
A
- Suicide
- Recovery is still possible: 52.1% for anorexia, 70% for bulimia, and high rates for binge-eating.
13
Q
Diagnostic crossover
A
- Bidirectional transition between the two types of anorexia is common.
- Binge/purge anorexia and bulimia is common
- Binge eating and bulimia is common
- No cases of binge eating and anorexia
14
Q
Comorbidity
A
- Depression: 68% anorexia, 63% bulimia, 50% binge eating.
- OCD found with bulimia and anorexia.
- Substance use with bulimia, anorexia (not restricting type)
- Personality disorders are also co-morbid. Restrictive type = anxious-avoidant, binge/purge = borderline personality disorder.
15
Q
Culture
A
- Anorexia = all over the world.
- Culture influences disorder’s clinical manifestation.
- Bulimia = people with exposure to western ideals about thinness, access to large amounts of food and who can purge in private.
