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CSON Module 5 Exam 4 > Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Eating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is an eating disorder?

A

Symptoms serve some kind of purpose that goes beyond weight loss, food as comfort, an addiction, and beyond a need to feel special or in control

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2
Q

What are five examples of purpose?

A
  • Comfort
  • Numbing
  • Cry for help
  • Self-punishment
  • Avoidance of intimacy
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3
Q

What are ED’s not?

A
  • Vanity (self-love or self-absorption)
  • Diets
  • Obsession with food
  • Obsession with exercise
  • Fun
  • Easy to treat
  • Discriminatory-they affect all cultures and socioeconomic levels
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4
Q

Describe disordered eating.

A

Problematic eating patterns that are not practiced at a high enough frequency or severity to merit the formal diagnosis of an eating disorder (still very serious)

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5
Q

What is the progression of disordered eating?

A

No disordered eating thoughts or behaviors, some thoughts and behaviors, frequent thoughts and behaviors, severe eating disorder

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6
Q

What percent of disordered eating will progress to an eating disorder?

A

40%

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7
Q

What are a few factors that influence an eating disorder?

A
  • Genetics

* Comorbid disorders (occurring at the same time or one another)

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8
Q

What are a few comorbid disorders?

A
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder
  • Obsessive compulsive disorder-restrictive ED
  • Addiction-40% of substance abuse patients have an eating disorder (often lead to binge eating)
  • Borderline personality disorder
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9
Q

What are a few factors influencing ED?

A

• Significant weight loss as a child or adolescent due to illness
• Neonatal and maternal factors (prematurity, SGA, or experiences in utero
• Trauma (changing schools, including starting college, interpersonal event such as sexual assault)
• Media
• Environment
-peers
-family-history of chronic diets, stress example separation/divorce enmeshment

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10
Q

What is an enmeshed family?

A

Family that allows individual members little or no autonomy or personal boundaries-strongly discouraged from developing their own feelings and preferences

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11
Q

What are the SCOFF questions?

A
  • Do you make yourself Sick because you feel uncomfortably full?
  • Do you worry that you have lost Control over how much you eat?
  • Have you recently lost more than One stone (14lbs) in a 3-month period?
  • Do you believe yourself to be fat when others say you are too thin?
  • Would you say that Food dominates your life?
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12
Q

What are the seven types of eating disorders and what are the three most important?

A
  • Pica
  • Rumination Disorder
  • Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
  • Bulimia Nervosa (BN)
  • Binge-eating disorder (BED)
  • Avoidant/Restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
  • Other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED)
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13
Q

What is PICA characterized by?

A

Eating inedible things or craving and chewing substances that have no nutritional value

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14
Q

What do people with PICA normally eat?

A
  • Ice
  • Clay
  • Dirt
  • Paper
  • Paint
  • Hair
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15
Q

What is rumination disorder described as?

A

Regurgitating and re-swallowing food (may start with GERD) but is comforting to the person

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16
Q

What provides a protective effect against AN?

A

Testosterone (reason men are less affected)

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17
Q

Which eating disorder has the highest death rate?

A

AN

18
Q

What are three areas of the body anorexics are proud of?

A

Collar bones, hip bones, thigh gap

19
Q

Define restricting type of AN.

A

Weight loss primarily achieved through dieting/fasting/excessive exercise

20
Q

Define binge-eating/purging type of AN.

A

Energy restriction with the presence of episodes of binge eating or purging

21
Q

What results in difficult decision making for people with ED?

A

Insula in the brain

22
Q

What are a few medical complications of AN?

A
  • Bradycardia, hypotension
  • Mitral valve prolapse (common)
  • Arrhythmias
  • Refeeding syndrome
  • ECHO changes
  • Dry skin, Alopecia, Lanugo hair
  • Constipation
23
Q

Define Binge eating.

A

Eating a large amount of food in a short period of time. (A sense of lack of control)

24
Q

How do people that binge eat purge food?

A
  • Vomiting
  • Laxatives
  • Fasting for days (following a binge)
  • Excessive exercise (more common in men)
25
Q

Define Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

A

Eating or feeding disturbance as manifested by persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional/energy needs (also must meet one or more of the characteristics)

26
Q

What is ARFID characterized as?

A
  • Significant weight loss
  • Significant nutritional deficiency
  • Dependance on enteral feeding of oral nutritional supplements
  • Marked interference with psychosocial functioning
27
Q

Is there evidence of a disturbance in the way one’s body or shape is experienced?

A

No-and also not attributable to concurrent medial condition (related to texture problems)

28
Q

What is other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) characterized as?

A 
•	Atypical anorexia nervosa
•	BN of low frequency
•	BED of low frequency
•	Purging disorder
•	Night eating syndrome
-eating large amounts of food after awakening from sleep 
-associated with low melatonin levels
29
Q

What are a few other lesser-known ED?

A
  • Food addiction
  • Diabulimia
  • Orthorexia nervosa
  • Drunkorexia
  • Pregorexia
  • Post-bariatric surgery transitions
30
Q

Define diabulimia.

A

Individuals who have type 1 diabetes who reduce their insulin to loose weight

31
Q

Define drunkorexia.

A

Self-imposed starvation or binge eating/purging combined with alcohol abuse. It can result in alcohol intoxication and electrolyte imbalance

32
Q

Define Pregorexia.

A

Attempting to remain slim through their pregnancy in order to drop the weight quickly following childbirth

33
Q

Define Post-Bariatric Surgery Transitions.

A

They may experience eating avoidance following surgery (grazing, nibbling, picking) and fear of gaining weight

34
Q

Define food addiction.

A

Experience pleasure from the anticipation of eating, the ability of foods, or the actual eating of foods. Uncontrollable cravings surrounding highly palatable food or excessive eating

35
Q

Define Orthorexia Nervosa.

A
  • Obsession with the healthfulness of foods and this interferes with daily life
  • Extreme rigidity surrounding food content and food preparation
  • Identity and spirituality are rooted in food
36
Q

How do you properly refeed?

A
  • Collect electrolyte levels before initiating nutritional support
  • Restore circulatory volume and closely monitor vitals
  • NEVER administer rapid IV fluids (because of sodium)
  • Daily labs to monitor electrolytes for the first 1-2 weeks when caloric intake increased (phosphorous, potassium, and magnesium)
  • Start 1400-1600 kcal/day and increase by 300-400 kcal every 3-4 days until goal weight
37
Q

Define refeeding syndrome.

A

Potentially fatal shifts in fluids and electrolytes that may occur in malnourished patients receiving artificial refeeding (enterally or parentally)

38
Q

How is cognitive behavioral therapy beneficial?

A

• Food journaling (what they ate/drank and how they feel about it
• Behavioral contracts
-agreement that the patient makes with others to changes a maladaptive behavior
-written contract that places the responsibility for weight gain or other behavioral change on the patient

39
Q

How is pharmacotherapy beneficial?

A
  • Adjunct to behavioral therapy
  • Limited efficacy with AN
  • SSRI’s used with BN
  • Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) are effective in BN
40
Q

What should patients journal?

A

What they ate and drank and how they feel about it

41
Q

What is a behavioral contract?

A

-an agreement that the patient makes with others to change a maladaptive behavior

CSON Module 5 Exam 4 (5 decks)

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