Child Maltreatment Flashcards
What are the seven types of abuse?
- Neglectful supervision
- Physical abuse
- Sexual abuse
- Physical neglect
- Medical neglect
- Emotional neglect
- Other
Is there an exact number of abused children in the U.S.?
No, many cases are not recognized or reported
What are the four types of child maltreatment?
- Neglect
- Emotional abuse/neglect
- Physical abuse
- Sexual abuse
What are a few signs of child abuse?
- Sudden changes in behavior or school performance
- Has not received help for physical or medical problems
- Has learning problems or difficulty concentration
- Is always watchful
- Lacks adult supervision
- Comes to school early, stays late, and does not want to go home
- Is overly compliant
- Is reluctant to be around a particular person
What is defined as physical neglect?
Deprivation or necessities
What necessities is a person often deprived of?
- Food
- Clothing
- Shelter
- Supervision
- Medical care
- Education
What are a few signs of physical neglect?
- Frequently absent form school
- Begs or steals food or money
- Lacks medical or dental care, immunizations, or glasses
- Consistently dirty and has body odor
- Lacks sufficient clothing for the weather
What are the two forms of emotional maltreatment?
Emotional neglect (failure) and emotional abuse (deliberate)
Define emotional neglect.
Failure to meet the needs of affection, attention, and emotional nurturance
Define emotional abuse.
Deliberate attempt to destroy or significantly impair a child’s self-esteem or competence
What are the different types of emotional abuse?
- Rejecting
- Isolating
- Terrorizing
- Ignoring
- Verbally assaulting
- Overpressuring the child
Define physical maltreatment.
Inappropriate excessive, and/or inconsistent corporal punishment causing severe or frequent injury
What is the rule of thumb for parents who believe in spanking as a form of discipline?
They should only sue an open hand, and only on the butt
What can injury from abuse occur from?
- Punching
- Beating
- Shaking
- Kicking
- Biting
- Throwing
- Burning
What can injury from abuse result in?
- Bruises
- Bites
- Burns
- Lacerations
- Pinch marks
- Swelling
- Tenderness
Define sexual abuse.
Persuading any child to engage in, or assisting another person to engage in, sexual conduct or simulation of sexual contact
What does sexual abuse include?
- Rape
- Molestation
- Prostitution
- Sexual exploitation
- Incest
Define incest.
Between family members
Define molestation.
Touching, fondling, kissing, masturbation, oral sex
Define exhibitionism.
Indecent exposure by an adult man to kids/women
Define pornography.
Photographing sexual acts involving children
Define child prostitution.
Involving children in sex acts for profit
Define pedophilia.
Preference of an adult for prepubertal children as a means of achieving sexual excitement
What is a typical abuser of a sexual abuse case characterized as?
Male who the victim knows (can be anyone however including the women and siblings)
Can be either family, acquaintance, or stranger
What are the methods to pressure children into sexual abuse?
- Children are offered gifts or privileges
- The child is told that it is “okay to do”
- They may meet the child’s need for love and affection
- Pressures them into secrecy
- The offender plays on the child’s fear (of punishment, repercussions, and abandonment)
What are a few physical signs and symptoms of sexual abuse?
- Injury to/discharge form genitalia
- Painful urination
- Constipation or stool incontinence
- Sexually transmitted infections
- Difficulty walking or sitting
- Pregnancy
What are a few emotional/psychological signs and symptoms?
- Sexual comments, behaviors, or play
- Regressive behavior (bed wetting)
- Personality change (withdrawn)
- May resist in removing clothes for exam
- Phobias (dark strangers, leaving the house)
- Reports nightmares
- Sudden change in appetite
- Attaches quickly to strangers
What are a few contributing factors for child maltreatment?
- Child
- Parent
- Environmental
- Exact cause unknown
What are common characteristics of the child of child maltreatment?
Children unintentionally contribute.
Maybe related to:
• Difficult temperament
• Ordinal position/birth order-first born
• Age
• Prematurity, behavioral disorder, unwanted pregnancy, hyperactive, or has a physical disability or chronic illness
• Usually one child is the victim of abuse
• May be in a difficult developmental stage
-colic
-potty training
-teenagers
• Removal often places other siblings at risk
What are a few parental characteristics related to child maltreatment?
- History of abuse/neglect “parenting imprint”
- Difficulty controlling aggression
- Substance abuse
- Inadequate support systems
- Usually one parent that is the abuser, the other permits
Define parenting imprint.
The concept that the way you were raised a disciplined as a child can leave a lasting imprint on you and affect how you parents
What are a few parental related factors to child maltreatment?
• Marital problems
• Adolescent parents-young
• Inadequate knowledge of child rearing/inappropriate or unrealistic expectations for child’s developmental level
(anticipatory guidance is important to these parents-know what to anticipate at each age)
What are a few environmental contributors to child maltreatment?
- Chronic stress
- Poverty
- Unemployment
- Poor housing/crowded living conditions
- Frequent relocation
What assessment findings might you see in a patient with abuse or maltreatment?
History:
• Delay in seeking medical attention
• Going to different urgent care clinics or emergency rooms
• No history to explain the injuries or history changes with repetition or conflicting stories about the accident
• Injury is not consistent with history
• Injury is inconsistent with child’s developmental abilities
Define a metaphyseal fracture.
Results from a twisting, pulling, or yanking
Define a spiral fracture.
Results from a twisting or pulling
What is the second most common cause of death in child abuse cases?
Abdominal injuries
What is the most common cause of death in child abuse cases?
Head injuries
What can you do to reduce abuse related to the triggers for shaken baby syndrome?
Anticipatory guidance
