Eating Disorder in Athletes

Question 1

What makes up the female athlete triad

Answer 1

starvation-> low energy expenditure-> amenorrhea->osteoporosis

Question 2

What happens to bone when energy input is decreased?

Answer 2

fuel -> vital organ systems, rather then enocrine & reproductive -> decreased estrogen->amenorrhea->osteo

Question 3

Why does decreased estrogen lead to osteoporosis?

Answer 3

estrogen plays a vital role in bone production. decreased estrogen leads to more bone absorption that production

Question 4

What conditions can decreased bone health cause besides osteoporiss

Answer 4

can lead to fractures, shrinkage

Question 5

Primary Amenorrhea

Answer 5

puberty is delayed. Bone production occurs mostly in puberty. This leads to stunted growth and a greater risk for osteoporosis. Weakened muscles (including cardiac) puts more at risk for heart health problems)

Question 6

benefit of primary amenorrhea

Answer 6

the lesser time-span of estrogen production serves as a protective factor for breast cancer. Same with testicular cancer in men (late onset of testosterone)

Question 7

Male issues with decreased energy availabilty?

Answer 7

starvation->low energy availability->gonadal chemical disruption-> decreased or halted testosterone->osteoporosis

Question 8

relationship between bone health and cortison

Answer 8

increased stress, from starvation [parasympathetic system working in overdrive], increases cortisol levels to decrease the response. Has an osteoclastic activity

Question 9

Amenorrhea side effects

Answer 9

lack of estrogen, leads to no ovulation->infertility.

lack of fuel to support body and other person-> miscarriage

Question 10

Muscular effects

Answer 10

starvation->using up all glycogen stores & converting it to glucose for energy. Body is essentially eating itself

Question 11

adipose effects

Answer 11

body converts adipose to glucose to use for energy, leading to lack of insulation, and cushion for vital organs–>hypothermic

Question 12

Cardiovascular effects

Answer 12

starvation->glycogen uptake in ALL muscle, including cardiac. Decreased tissue can lead to mitral valve prolapse-> pain in chest

Question 13

mitral valve prolapse leads to

Answer 13

heart failure–>fatigue, SOB, tachycardiac

Question 14

Starvation–>myofibral degen

Answer 14

arrhythmia-syncope

Question 15

Anemia

Answer 15

starvation->lack of nutrients-> decreased hemoglobin production->lack of red blood cells to carry O2 to muscles resulting in fatigue and weakness–> increased strain during exercise–> build up of lactic acid-> soreness and fatigue->delayed recovery & puting at further risk for injury

Question 16

starvation and energy conservation

Answer 16

increase in parasympathetic nervous system-> hypotension & bradycardia (sympathetic nervous system)

Question 17

Brain effects

Answer 17

Low fat diet-> decreased grey and white matter-> cognitive impairments. lasting changes on brain and increasing risk for relapse

Question 18

Bulimic impact-Dehydration

Answer 18

vomiting, diarrhea from laxatives, urine excretion from diuretics

Question 19

Dehydration and vomiting

Answer 19

strain on heart, causing heart to go through electrical changes (arrhythmia)

Question 20

Bulimia and vomiting

Answer 20

increased alkalinity in stomach–> ulcers & reflux. erosion of dental enamel

Question 21

Bulimia and parotid glands

Answer 21

increased vomiting leads to stress on esophagus and mouth. saliva needed to lubricate. when vomiting continuous parotid glands work in overdrive to increase saliva production, resulted in hypertrophy of them

Question 22

Hypokalemia

Answer 22

decreased potassium levels from vomiting. potassium needed to sustain electrical activity of heart

Question 23

effect on performance

Answer 23

decreased energy availability leads to increased risk for injury in both muscle and bone. Lack of muscle in heart can disrupt vital processes of body and can put athlete at risk for arrhythmia->blood cots->stroke, heart failure. etc.