easyJet Fuel Policy (last updated: Feb 2013) Flashcards
What is easyJets’ fuel policy?
easyJet’s fuel policy is to carry the minimum amount of fuel necessary to safely and efficiently complete the flight while meeting regulatory requirements and maintaining operational flexibility.
What comprises Taxi Fuel? What can not be exceeded with taxi fuel on board?
Fuel expected to be used prior to take-off; including: -engine start, -taxi -APU consumption. Maximum ramp weight may not be exceeded with taxi fuel on board.
What five components comprise ‘Trip Fuel’?
Fuel for; - take-off - climb (taking into account the expected departure procedure) - cruise (including step climbs if any) - descent (expected STAR and instrument approach) - landing procedure at the destination runway.
In the basic fuel planning case, what is ‘Contingency Fuel’?
Contingency Fuel shall be the higher of: - 5% of the planned Trip Fuel or (in the event of in-flight replanning, 5% of the Trip Fuel for the remainder of the flight.) - Fuel to fly for 5 minutes at holding speed at 1500 ft above the destination aerodrome in standard conditions.
What is contingency fuel for?
Fuel to cover deviations from the planned operating conditions such as: - unfavourable variations in cruise altitude or track, - deviations from the forecast wind values, or - any other unforeseen adverse circumstances.
What is Alternate Fuel?
Fuel to reach the alternate aerodrome, taking into account:
Fuel from a missed approach from the applicable MDA/DH at the destination aerodrome to the missed approach altitude taking into account the complete missed approach procedure.
Fuel from the missed approach altitude to CLIMB,
CRUISE at LRC speed,
DESCENT to the alternate aerodrome from an en-route transition point using the expected arrival procedure.
Fuel for the approach and landing at alternate aerodrome.
When two destination alternates are required, alternate fuel should be sufficient for the alternate which requires the greater amount of fuel.
What is Final Reserve Fuel?
Fuel to fly; - for 30 minutes - at holding speed - at 1500 ft above destination alternate aerodrome elevation - in standard conditions, - calculated with estimated weight on arrival at the alternate (or the destination when no alternate is required.)
What is Extra Fuel? When is this carried?
Extra fuel is carried at the discretion of the Commander. It will be carried when there are sound operational or economic reasons for doing so. Flight crew will board Extra Fuel only if a strong possibility exists that it will be used. Extra Fuel should be considered in terms of endurance (time) and not quantity of fuel. If there is a likelihood of a diversion at the destination, then fuel should normally be carried to allow the Commercial Alternate to be reached with Normal Reserves.
What guidelines do easyJet suggest when considering the carriage of Extra Fuel?
Thunderstorms are forecast. Destination weather is forecast or reported to be at or near operational landing limits. An unscheduled runway closure, affecting the arrival rate, is likely because of: – Freezing precipitation (runway treatment) – Moderate to heavy intensity snowfall (snow removal). Crosswind/contaminated runway limitations (aircraft specific). ATC - Anticipated departure and arrival delays. Fuel for additional approaches at destination. Forecast icing conditions en-route.
What is the penalty for the carriage of Extra Fuel?
The penalty for carriage of extra fuel is normally:
3.0% of extra fuel per hour of flight
Example: On a 2 hour sector up to 6% of the extra fuel uplifted will be burned off due to the increased aircraft weight.
In the Alternates List on the LIDO OFP,
What does the ‘F’ or ‘C’ designator indicate?
F - Fuel Alternate
C - Commercial Alternate (numbered according to priority.)
OMB 5.2.8
When is a ‘Fuel Alternate’ used as the destination alternate?
Fuel alternates should only be chosen when;
the weather and operational conditions at the destination make a diversion unlikely (low risk)
When is a Commercial Alternate to be considered as the destination alternate?
What factors may lead you to use the Commercial Alternate?
Consider the risk of a diversion when considering the Commercial alternate.
i.e. Diversion is likely.
The following factors should be evaluated in order to determine if a diversion is considered likely:
- Thunderstorms are forecast at the destination aerodrome
- Weather conditions close to operational minima at the destination.
- Winds exceeding crosswind limits.
- FZRA / DZ and SN removal during winter operations.
Within basic fuel planning,
can you depart without selecting a suitable destination alternate?
No.
When can an IFR flight depart without selecting a useable destination alternate?
Either; Flight dispatched under the Alternative Flight Planning Procedures
i.e. must take ‘Additional Fuel’ of 15 mins at 1,500 feet in ISA conditions.
(Section 8.1.7.4.5, “No Destination Alternate Aerodrome Procedure”.)
- Flight time less than six hours
- Two separate runways are available and usable at the destination
- Wx +- 1 hour from ETA at the destination;
- ceiling at least 2,000 ft or ‘Circling Height +500 ft,’ whichever is greater
- VIS at least 5 km.
Or; The destination aerodrome is isolated.
Runways on the same aerodrome are considered to be separate runways when?
They are separate landing surfaces which may overlay or cross such that if one of the runways is blocked,
it will not prevent the planned type of operations on the other runway.
Each runway shall have a separate approach procedure
based on a separate navigation aid.
When is a Take Off Alternate required?
A take-off alternate is required when performance or meteorological conditions
preclude a return to the departure aerodrome.
Meteorological conditions are suitable for return to the departure aerodrome when
they are at or above the applicable minima for the instrument approach in use.
APU Fuel Burn?
2.0 kg/min
Taxi Fuel Burn?
10KG/MIN
Holding Fuel Burn (1,500 ft)?
40KG/MIN
Approach Fuel?
17.0 kg/min
Note: LIDO incorporates approach fuel.
Extra Fuel Burn for Engine Anti-ice in the Climb Phase?
+1.1KG/MIN
Extra Fuel Burn for Engine Anti-ice in the Cruise Phase?
+1.0KG/MIN
Extra Fuel Burn for Engine Anti-ice in the Holding Phase?
+2.0KG/MIN
Extra Fuel Burn for Engine Anti-ice & Wing Anti-ice in the Climb Phase?
+2.0KG/MIN
Extra Fuel Burn for Engine Anti-ice & Wing Anti-ice in the Cruise Phase?
+2.0KG/MIN
Extra Fuel Burn for Engine Anti-ice & Wing Anti-ice in the Holding Phase?
+3.0 KG/MIN
Can Taxi Fuel be reduced?
Crew can reduce the statistical taxi fuel to take account of expected taxi times on the day of operation; This should incorporate Airbus recommended taxi fuel flows of: - 2 engines : 10kg/Min - 1 engine : 7kg/Min
How is the Taxi Fuel on the OFP derived?
OFP taxi fuel is not specific to the departure runway depicted on the OFP, rather it is a statistical value derived from all departure runway data.
What does CNR stand for & what does it comprise of?
Company Normal Reserve CNR = Alternate + Final Reserve
What five fuel conservation measures should be considered in the event of a fuel shortfall in flight?
- Decrease aircraft speed (down to Max Range Speed/Cost Index minimum). - Obtain a more direct route. - Fly closer to the optimum FL (taking the wind into account). - Select a closer alternate aerodrome. - Land and refuel.
When may in-flight fuel re-planning be required?
- Bad Weather/Runway conditions at the planned destination and alternate. - Fuel Penalties due to ATC constraints or unfavourable wind conditions. - Degraded aircraft performance.
When is a Landing Assured?
A landing is ‘assured’ if,
in the judgement of the Flight Crew,
a landing can be completed in the event of: -
“any forecast deterioration in the weather, and - plausible single failures of ground and/or airborne facilities”
e.g. CAT II/III to CAT I OM-A 8.3.7.1.5
Fuel Freezing Point, etc.
What temperature is considered to be the freezing point of Jet A1 Fuel?
At what Static Air Temperature shoud we avoid prolonged exposure to
& what is the maximum duration suggested & where will you find this advice?
Jet A1 freezes at -47ºC
OMA.8.3.7.4
-65ºC SAT
Flights should not be planned for periods of longer
than 90 mins at or below this temperature. (WIH.10)
Usable Fuel
(FCOM DSC-28-10-20)
What is the useable fuel in each of the tanks (kg)?
& what Total Fuel Figure does this equate to (kg)?
Outer Tanks: 691 kg
Inner Tanks: 5573 kg
Centre Tank: 6476 kg
Total Usable Fuel = 19,004 kg.
Fuel Tanks.
When an aircraft has been fuelled to maximum capacity
How much can the fuel expand without spilling?
What temperature rise would cause this?
Fuel can expand by 2% without spilling
if fuelled to maximum capacity.
This would be caused by a 20ºC Temperature Rise.
