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CDU > EARTHSCI 3 > Flashcards

EARTHSCI 3 Flashcards

im gonna kms

1
Q

who thought that Earth has been in perpetual existence?

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

who thought that Earth had not existed for a long time

A

Lucretius

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3
Q

Who believed that the Earth was made in 4004 BC

A

James Ussher

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4
Q

who formulated the modern concepts of deposition of horizontal data

A

Nicolas Steno

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5
Q

Historical events can be sequenes from outcrops of …

A

sedimentary layers

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6
Q

who proposed the principle of uniformitarianism

A

James Hulton

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7
Q

physical, chemical, and biological processes that work today are the same forces that have worked in the geologic past

A

Principle of Uniformitarianism

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8
Q

tectonic plates remain unchanged through time and they only vary through

A

intensity and frequency

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9
Q

Geologists used observational evidence, and suggested that Earth was how old?

A

100 million years old

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10
Q

The development of ___________ that radioactive dating was used to date the earth

A

Modern quantum mechanics

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11
Q

This was adapted by the National Academy of Sciences resulting in the discovery of Earths age, which is 4.5 billion years old

A

radiometric time scale

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12
Q

study of rock layers and radiometric dating

A

stratigraphy

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13
Q

what are rock layers called

A

strata

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14
Q

method of showing the sequence of events

A

Relative Dating

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15
Q

most of the rocks exposed on the surface are what kind of rocks

A

sedimentary

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16
Q

If the rocks are no longer horizontal, then….

A

they are already disturbed by the forces within

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17
Q

how is the sequence of solid particles that settled on the seabed determined

A

weight

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18
Q

heaviest _____ lightest _____

A

first, last (bottom, up)

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19
Q

each layer is older than the one above it and younger than the one below it

A

principle of superposition

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20
Q

deposited in flat layers, not yet disturbed and still has its original horizontality

A

principle of original horizontality

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21
Q

slab of rock/ magma intrudes into a rock, that fault, dike, or magma is younger than the rock

A

principle of cross-cutting and relationships

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22
Q

rock mass that contain pieces of are that are younger than other rock masses

A

inclusions

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23
Q

rock layers formed wihtout interruption are conformable

A

principle of uncomformities

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24
Q

deofrmed or eroded before another layer was deposited; mismathced

A

unconformity

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25
Q

sedimentary layer that is deposited over an ore erode horizontal sedimentary layer

A

disconformity

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26
Q

sedimentary layer that is folded, titled, etc

A

angular unconformity

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27
Q

sedimentary layer that is desposited over an eroded igneous or metamorphic rock

A

nonconformity

28
Q

why is rock correlation important

A

to develop a geologic time scale

29
Q

rock correlation is only applicable to _______

A

short distances due to vegetation and soil

30
Q

remains of plants of extinct animals embedded in sedimentary rocks

A

fossils

31
Q

science that deals with the study of fossils

A

Paleontology

32
Q

actual remains that did not change through time

A

true form fossils

33
Q

fossils turned into stone

A

petrified fossils

34
Q

preserve the form and shape of organisms

A

mold and cast

35
Q

gases and liquids leave animal form due to pressure leaving behind a thin layer of carbon

A

carbonized fossils

36
Q

hardened resin of ancient trees

A

amber

37
Q

who made the principle of fossil succession

A

William Smith

38
Q

fossils of organisms that lived only for a short period of time and are found in most places of the planet

A

Index fossils

39
Q

actual date or date range in number of years

A

absolute dating

40
Q

how are absolute dates obtained

A

through radioactive and radiometric methods

41
Q

same protons different neutrons

A

Isotopes

42
Q

parent isotope decreases, daughter isotope ______

A

increases

43
Q

the rate of change of a radioactive element is measure in

A

half-life

44
Q

use of decay of carbon-14, an isotope of carbon, to date events in the past

A

radiocarbon dating

45
Q

radiocarbon works best with what type of rocks

A

igneous and metamorphic

46
Q

are the series of time intervals on a geologic time scale equal or unequal

A

unequal

47
Q

largest intervals of geologic time with duration of hundreds of millions of years

A

Eons

48
Q

4 eons

A

Hadean, Archeozoic, Proterozoic, and phanerozoic.

49
Q

eons smaller divided groups

A

eras

50
Q

eras are subdivided into

A

periods

51
Q

smaller subdivisions of the Cenozoic era

A

epochs

52
Q

informal name gives to the first three eons of the geologic time scale

A

Precambrian

53
Q

known as the rockless eon because no more rocks in this eon exist today

A

Hadean

54
Q

4 eras of archean

A

eoarchean
palaeoearchean
mesoarchean
neoarchean

55
Q

single-celled organisms what eon

A

archean

56
Q

3 eras of proterozoic

A

paleoproterozoic
mesoproterozoic
neoproterozoic

57
Q

what was the big landmass that was formed due to the joining of continents in the proterozoic eon?

A

rodinia

58
Q

supercontinent Pangaea was formed

A

Paleozoic era

59
Q

first life forms with parts

A

phanerozoic eon

60
Q

“Age of trilobites”, shallow seas covered parts of the continents and mild climate existed. Rodinia began to break

A

cambrian period

61
Q

many volcanoes and mountains, primitive plants, first corals

A

ordovician period

62
Q

caledonian mountains were formed, rise in sea level worldwide

A

silurian period

63
Q

erosion of mountains resulted in the deposition of much sediment in seas. Age of fishes, fishes and terrestial plants became abundant

A

devonian period

64
Q

first winged insects appeared, appalachian mountains

A

Mississippian period

65
Q

first reptilesm derms mayflies and cockroaches

A

Pennsylvanian period

66
Q

age of ammphibians, ended with the larges tmass exctinction

A

permian period

CDU (7 decks)

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