Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CDU > EARTHSCI > Flashcards

EARTHSCI Flashcards

1
Q

weathering, erosion, and mass wasting have a __________ process

A

exogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does an exogenic process mean?

A

near the earth’s surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is weathering?

A

slow breaking down of rocks and other materials in the earths surface over a long period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the two types of weathering?

A

Mechanical and chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

this type of weathering produces smaller pieces

A

mechanical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 5 types of mechanical weathering

A

abrasion, exfoliation, frost wedging, salt wedging, action of all living things.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how would you describe an abrasion?

A

wearing off of rocks by solid particles carried by wind, water, and other agents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

explain how wind is an agent of abrasion

A

wind carries sand particles that breaks them down and leads to unusual rock formations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

explain how water is an agent of abrasion

A

water carries rock particles, tumbling against each other causing the rocks to be round and smooth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how are plants, animals, and humans mechanical weathering?

A

plants: plant roots go underground to get needed nutrients. roots get bigger and longer causing them to break
animals: burrow animals create tunnels underground for living space
humans: actions like road construction, power plants, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how would you explain frost wedging?

A

water seeps into small cracks and expands when it freezes. The temperature must be below freezing point so the water can exert pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how would you explain salt wedging?

A

On hot days, the water evaporates leaving behind minerals. The salt crystals grow through the cracks and pushes them apart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how would you explain exfoliation?

A

repeated changes of temperature causes the surface of the rocks to peel off (large, flat, or curved)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This type of weathering changes the chemical composition due to its reaction with other substances

A

chemical weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

5 types of chemical weathering

A

Carbonation
Oxygen
Hydrolysis
Dissolution
Hydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is carbonation

A

water + carbonic acid= dissolves minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is rainwater acidic

A

yes, slightly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the minerals affected by carbonation

A

calcite (marble and limestone)

19
Q

what is hydrolysis

A

water + other substances. breaks down chemical bonds of minerals.

20
Q

what happens in hydrolysis

A

acid seeps to the ground and reacts chemically with other common minerals. calcite dissolves completely

21
Q

what happens in dissolution

A

when in water, reacts with acids in the water. dissolves and creates solution. small holes are present.

22
Q

what happens in oxygen

A

iron + oxygen = rust. oxidation occurs. chemical composition might also change.

23
Q

what happens in hydration

A

minerals absorb water and changes composition ex: feldspar turns into clay

24
Q

weathered rocks are transported from one place to another

A

erosion

25
Q

5 agents of erosion

A

wind, waves, gravity, ice, and running water

26
Q

wind erosion:

A

hot and dry; easily carried; faster wind= more particles carried

27
Q

wave erosion

A

erode and shape shorelines. large particles are deposited to other parts of the shoreline

28
Q

erosion by gravity AKA mass wasting

A

gravity pulls rocks and soil down the slope; ultimate transportation to the sea by running water

29
Q

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF MASS WASTING

A

creep
slide
flow
fall
slumps

30
Q

slow, active on the surface; gradual downhill movement

A

creep

31
Q

free falls upon failure of undercutting, motion is rapid

A

falls; rockfalls

32
Q

downward slide of mass rock or unconsolidated materials along a curved surface

A

slumps

33
Q

weakening of supporting rocks

A

landslide

34
Q

occurs after heavy rain; picks up rocks and boulders causing it to be thicker

A

mudflow

35
Q

soil, containing large amount of water

A

debrisflow, avalanche

36
Q

factors of MW

A

climate
moisture
steep slopes
weak rocks
existing failure surfaces

37
Q

depositing sediments by water, wind, or ice

A

deposition or sedimentation

38
Q

builds new land on earths surface

A

deposition or sedimentation

39
Q

river flows into an ocean or lake to build landform. triangular shape

A

delta

40
Q

fan-shaped deposit; streams down and enters flat plain

A

alluvial fan

41
Q

moun/ridge formed by the wind in deserts, beaches, or other sandy areas

A

sand dune

42
Q

elongated ridges of sand

A

spit

43
Q

partly exposed ridges/ build by waves off shore

A

sandbar

CDU (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions