EARTHS CRUST

Question 1

What are the different layers of the earth?

Answer 1

• the inner core, the outer core, the mantle and the crust

Question 2

Are they solid, liquid or gas

Answer 2

The crust and the inner core are solid, whereas the outer core and inner mantle are liquid

Question 3

Which are the thickest and thinnest layers

Answer 3

The mantle is the thickest
The crust is the thinnest

Question 4

Which layers are the hottest and which are the most dense

Answer 4

Inner core is the most hot
Inner core is the most dense

Question 5

What name is given to the boundary between the crust and the mantle?

Answer 5

Moho

Question 6

What are the building blocks of rocks?

Answer 6

Minerals

Question 7

Characteristics of Minerals

Answer 7

• Cleavage - Hardness - naturally occuring - Streak - Fracture
• Colour - Luster - Magnetism

Question 8

What are the top two most common minerals in the crust (by mass)?

Answer 8

feldspars and quartz

Question 9

Characteristic of sedimentary rocks.

Answer 9

Stratification.
Fossils.
Ripple marks and mud cracks.

Question 10

Characteristics of Metamorphic rocks.

Answer 10

squished, smeared out, and folded

Question 11

Characteristics of Igneous rocks.

Answer 11

Intrusive - crystalline, large crystal sizes
Extrusive - small crystals, very-fine-grained or glassy groundmass

Question 12

Products that use minerals.

Answer 12

• Pencil
• Chalk
• Toothpaste
• Pots and pans
• Electronics

Question 13

What is mining?

Answer 13

the extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth

Question 14

What are the 2 main mining techniques?

Answer 14

Underground mining. Surface (open pit) mining.

Question 15

What are things to consider when looking for a mining site?

Answer 15

geological, environmental, regulatory, and social factors

Question 16

Environmental concerns in mining

Answer 16

deforestation, erosion, contamination and alteration of soil profiles, contamination of local streams and wetlands, and an increase in noise level

Question 17

How is soil formed?

Answer 17

weathering wherein rocks break down by the combined action of wind, water and climate

Question 18

What are the the 3 types of soil?

Answer 18

Loamy soil
Clay soil
Sandy soil

Question 19

What are the different horizons of soil?

Answer 19

The O-Horizon.
The A-Horizon.
The B-Horizon.
The C-Horizon.

Question 20

Which soil is better for gardening and which one is better for lining the bottom of a landfill?

Answer 20

Gardening: loamy
Landfill: Clay

Question 21

Jobs related to geology.

Answer 21

1. Miner
2. Geology teacher
3. Geologist
4. paleontologist
5. Archaeologist

Question 22

How does the CD and TP theory fit with noahs flood?

Answer 22

With the strong waves of the floods all the contents could have moved.

Question 23

How were the Hawaiian islands formed?

Answer 23

Hot-spot volcanism

Question 24

Convergent, Divergent, Transverse plate boundaries.

Answer 24

Convergent - The plates crashing together
Divergent - plates moving away from each-other
Transform - sliding against each-other

Question 25

How do most volcanoes, earthquakes,and tsunamis form?

Answer 25

From Plates moving against each other. Volcanoes - divergent and convergent earthquakes - Convergent tsunamis - convergent

Question 26

Factors that affect chemical weathering

Answer 26

Chemical: the structure and composition of the mineral, specific surface area of the mineral, availability of water, temperature, and hydrology

Question 27

Factors that affect physical weathering

Answer 27

water, ice, salt/mineral crystals, the release of pressure, extreme temperatures, wind, and even the actions of plants and animals.