Earthquakes and Faults

Question 1

shaking of the ground caused by sudden movements in the earth’s crust

Answer 1

Earthquakes

Question 2

the biggest earthquakes are set off by the movements of “_____”.

Answer 2

Tectonic Plates

Question 3

plates can cause heavy pressure on the rocks. This causes what?

Answer 3

vibrations and seismic waves (which can cause an earthquake)

Question 4

this type of earthquake has a depth of (0-70km) below ground.

Answer 4

Shallow Earthquakes

Question 5

this type of earthquake has a depth of (70-300km) below ground.

Answer 5

Intermediate Earthquakes

Question 6

this type of earthquake has a depth deeper than (300km) below ground.

Answer 6

Deep Earthquakes

Question 7

the fastest kind of seismic wave and the first to arrive at a seismic station.

Answer 7

Primary Waves (p-waves)

Question 8

this seismic wave can travel through the earth’s interior (also called body waves)

Answer 8

Primary Waves (p-waves)

Question 9

it can move through solid rocks and fluids by pushing and pulling the rock it moves (also called as compressional waves)

Answer 9

Primary Waves (p-waves)

Question 10

this wave is slower than p-waves and only move though solid rock, not through any liquid medium.

Answer 10

Secondary Waves (s-waves)

Question 11

this wave moves the particles up and down.

Answer 11

Secondary Waves (s-waves)

Question 12

this wave is most responsible for the damage and destruction associated with earthquakes.

Answer 12

Surface Waves (l-waves)

Question 13

this wave has lower frequency and they arrive after the body waves.

Answer 13

Surface Waves (l-waves)

Question 14

measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake.

Answer 14

Magnitude

Question 15

is determined from measurements on seismographs.

Answer 15

Magnitude

Question 16

measures the strength of shaking produced by the earthquake at a certain location.

Answer 16

Intensity

Question 17

Intensity is determined from effects on people, human structures, and the natural environment.

Answer 17

Intensity

Question 18

is a crack or break in rock

Answer 18

Fault

Question 19

It occurs at divergent boundaries wherein one block of rock moves downward relative to the other.

Answer 19

Normal Fault

Question 20

It is associated with convergent boundaries wherein compression forces a fault block upward.

Answer 20

Reverse Fault

Question 21

are vertical fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally.

Answer 21

Strike-slip Fault

Question 22

is a type of fault in which two tectonic plates slide past each other.

Answer 22

Transform Fault

Question 23

is a depressed block of the earth’s crust bordered by parallel faults.

Answer 23

Garben Fault

Question 24

is a raised block of the earth’s crust that has lifted, or has remained stationary, while the land on either side has subsided.

Answer 24

Horrst Fault

Question 25

is a process by which crust is deformed along tectonic plate margin. (the bending and tilting of crust)

Answer 25

Deformation

Question 26

it is when the rock respond to stress by deforming elastically.

Answer 26

Elasticity

Question 27

what are the conditions of deformation (and elasticity)?

Answer 27

1. ) Rocks must have the ability to deform under heat and pressure.
2. ) High temperature is equal to the high tendency of a rock to undergo plasticity.
3. ) Enough Pressure
4. ) Deformation must be applied slowly

Question 28

what are the clues of deformation (and elasticity)?

Answer 28

1. ) Changed in shape (distortion)
2. ) Changed in orientation (ex. Tilted)
3. ) Moved from its original position