earthquake/volcano

Question 1

ring of fire

Answer 1

a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.

Question 2

Strike-slip fault

Answer 2

a fault on which the two blocks slide past one another.

Question 3

Normal fault

Answer 3

a dip-slip fault in which the block above the fault has moved downward relative to the block below.

Question 4

Reverse fault

Answer 4

the block above the fault moves up relative to the block below the fault.

Question 5

P-waves

Answer 5

seismic body waves meaning that they travel through the Earth’s interior.

Question 6

S-waves

Answer 6

the second wave to hit the seismographs.

Question 7

epicenter

Answer 7

point on the surface of the Earth that is directly above the underground point (called the focus) where fault rupture commences, producing an earthquake.

Question 8

focus

Answer 8

“a point at which rays of light, heat, or other radiation meet after being refracted or reflected.”

Question 9

Richter magnitude scale

Answer 9

quantitative measure of an earthquake’s magnitude

Question 10

explosive volcano

Answer 10

If a lot of gas is trapped within magma, pressure will build and build until eventually the magma erupts explosively out of the volcano.

Question 11

nonexplosive volcano

Answer 11

generally occur when magma is thin and flows easily.

Question 12

Krakatoa

Answer 12

a small volcanic island in Indonesia between Java and Sumatra

Question 13

Yellowstone supervolcano

Answer 13

a volcanic center that has had an eruption of magnitude 8 on the Volcano Explosivity Index

Question 14

San Andreas fault

Answer 14

a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1,200 kilometers (750 mi) through California.

Question 15

Mid-oceanic ridge

Answer 15

an elevated region with a central valley on an ocean floor at the boundary between two diverging tectonic plates where new crust forms from upwelling magma.

Question 16

shield volcano

Answer 16

a broad volcano built up from the repeated nonexplosive eruption of basalt to form a low dome or shield, usually having a large caldera at the summit.

Question 17

cinder cone volcano

Answer 17

built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent.

Question 18

composite volcano

Answer 18

large volcanoes (many thousands of feet or meters tall) generally composed of lava flows, pyroclastic deposits, and mudflow (lahar) deposits, as well as lava domes.

Question 19

hot spot

Answer 19

a large plume of hot mantle material rising from deep within the Earth.

Question 20

Mt. Vesuvius

Answer 20

a volcano in southwestern Italy on the Mediterranean coast;