Earthquake Flashcards
The shaking and trembling caused by the sudden release of energy from inside the Earth.
Earthquake
where are earthquakes generated?
Earthquakes occur somewhere in the crust and lithosphere.
Layers of the Earth?
crust (oceanic and continental)
upper and lower mantle
outer and inner core
The outermost solid portion of Earth that houses all living things.
CRUST
carries the entire crust and extends down to the upper portion of the asthenosphere
Lithosphere
This layer lies beneath the lithosphere and is about 100-650km deep.
MANTLE
refers to the region around the pacific ocean that is commonly hit by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
Pacific RIng of FIre
athin zone of crushed rock separating blocks of the earth’s crust
Fault
The block above the inclined fault.
HANGING WALL
The block below the fault.
FOOT WALL
Earthquakes originate in a
fault.
when there is movement of rock masses along a fault
Faulting occurs
pushes rocks to each other
Compressional
pulls rocks away from each other
Tensional
enables rocks in the crust to slide past each other
Shearing
when a rock mass in the crust is pushed up relative to the other rock mass due to compressional force.
A Reverse fault is formed
When a tensional force acts on rock masses in the crust, one rock mass moves downward relative to the other
Normal
When a tensional force acts on rock masses in the crust, one rock mass moves downward relative to the other
Normal
is produced when a rock mass slides past to each other. Violent earthquakes usually occur in this type of fault.
Transform
all shallow earthquakes occur in?.
Active Fault
exhibited evidence of strong and frequent earthquakes
common in plate boundaries where plates bump into or move away from each other.
Active Fault
areas which have not displayed any seismic activity for more than thousands of years
may trigger bigger quakes
Inactive Fault
It is the source from which the energy is released radiating to all directions.
Focus
It is where the first sudden movement of the ground is felt and where the most severe damage by an earthquake is sustained.
Epicenter
