Digestive system

Question 1

• the breakdown of large food particles
  into smaller and absorbable nutrients needed for
  energy production, growth, and cellular repair.

Answer 1

Digestion

Question 2

– food is physically changed
into smaller sizes by the process of chewing or
mastication

Answer 2

Mechanical digestion

Question 3

chemical reactions break
down pieces of food into smaller molecules

Answer 3

Chemical digestion

Question 4

absorb glucose, fructose, and
galactose, transported to all cells of the body. As
they pass through the alimentary canal (gut),
digested and undigested foods have different
outcomes.

Answer 4

Capillaries

Question 5

is the movement of digested food
molecules into the cells of the body where they are
used.v

Answer 5

Assimilation

Question 6

also called as colon
- organ next to small intestine that
temporarily stores undigested residue or
feces
- about 5cm(diameter) and 1.5m long

Answer 6

Large Intestine

Question 7

Chemical digestion and absorption take place in

Answer 7

the small intestine.

Question 8

ingests the food
- adapted to breakdown the food
mechanically and chemically

Answer 8

Mouth –

Question 9

– breakdown food into smaller
pieces

Answer 9

teeth

Question 10

enables us to taste food,
mixes the food with saliva secreted
by the ducts of the salivary glands,
helps swallow the partly digested
food

Answer 10

tongue

Question 11

contains enzyme (amylase)
that breaks down carbohydratesrich food into their simpler
equivalents; also contains a slippery
substance that makes food easier to
swallow

Answer 11

saliva

Question 12

Wastes that remain after digestion go to

Answer 12

the large
intestine

Question 13

– largest organ in the body
- digests food by producing bile to break
down fats, removing toxins, and
breaking down and storing some
vitamins and minerals.

Answer 13

Liver

Question 14

stores the bile that is produced by
the liver. When needed, bile passes into the small
intestine, where it breaks down fat.

Answer 14

gallbladder

Question 15

– large, elongated, and yellowish gland
that lies posterior to the stomach
- secretes a mix of enzymes that together
are called pancreatic juice, which helps
neutralize the very acidic chyme when it
enters the small intestine

Answer 15

Pancreas

Question 16

muscular tube that connects the
mouth to the stomach moves through the
esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by
waves of muscle contractions (peristalsis)

Answer 16

Esophagus

Question 17

Once food enters the mouth, it mixes with saliva
and gets chewed through the process of
mastication. With the effects of mastication, it
creates a mass called a

Answer 17

food bolus.

Question 18

digest proteins, fats,
and carbohydrates.

Answer 18

Pancreatic juice

Question 19

a large, hollow organ that temporarily
stores food aids in chemical digestion walls of the
stomach contain gastric juice that makes the

Answer 19

Stomach

Question 20

– long tube connected to the
stomach where chemical digestion and nutrient
absorption occur about 2.5cm(diameter) and 7m
long

Answer 20

Small Intestine

Question 21

Digestion ends in the

Answer 21

small intestine

Question 22

where nutrients
are absorbed in the small intestine’s villi, tiny fingerlike projections.

Answer 22

small intestine

Question 23

contain capillary beds, as well as lymphatic
vessels called lacteals. Fatty acids absorbed from
broken-down chyme pass into the lacteals.

Answer 23

Villi

Question 24

– chemically change the
food into smaller molecules, which the body
cells can absorb and use as an energy
source

Answer 24

Digestive Enzymes

Question 25

cannot occur without
the substances called enzymes. Without
these, some chemical reactions would be
too slow or would not occur.

Answer 25

Chemical digestion

Question 26

substances that are acted upon
by enzymes

Answer 26

substrate

Question 27

catalyzes the breakdown of starch(carbohydrates) into maltose in the mouth
and small intestine

Answer 27

Amylase

Question 28

catalyze the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in the stomach and small
intestine

Answer 28

Protease,
Pepsin

Question 29

catalyzes the breakdown of fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol in the small
intestine

Answer 29

Lipase

Question 30

catalyzes the breakdown of maltose into glucose in the small intestine

Answer 30

Maltase