Digestive system Flashcards
- the breakdown of large food particles
into smaller and absorbable nutrients needed for
energy production, growth, and cellular repair.
Digestion
– food is physically changed
into smaller sizes by the process of chewing or
mastication
Mechanical digestion
chemical reactions break
down pieces of food into smaller molecules
Chemical digestion
absorb glucose, fructose, and
galactose, transported to all cells of the body. As
they pass through the alimentary canal (gut),
digested and undigested foods have different
outcomes.
Capillaries
is the movement of digested food
molecules into the cells of the body where they are
used.v
Assimilation
also called as colon
- organ next to small intestine that
temporarily stores undigested residue or
feces
- about 5cm(diameter) and 1.5m long
Large Intestine
Chemical digestion and absorption take place in
the small intestine.
ingests the food
- adapted to breakdown the food
mechanically and chemically
Mouth –
– breakdown food into smaller
pieces
teeth
enables us to taste food,
mixes the food with saliva secreted
by the ducts of the salivary glands,
helps swallow the partly digested
food
tongue
contains enzyme (amylase)
that breaks down carbohydratesrich food into their simpler
equivalents; also contains a slippery
substance that makes food easier to
swallow
saliva
Wastes that remain after digestion go to
the large
intestine
– largest organ in the body
- digests food by producing bile to break
down fats, removing toxins, and
breaking down and storing some
vitamins and minerals.
Liver
stores the bile that is produced by
the liver. When needed, bile passes into the small
intestine, where it breaks down fat.
gallbladder
– large, elongated, and yellowish gland
that lies posterior to the stomach
- secretes a mix of enzymes that together
are called pancreatic juice, which helps
neutralize the very acidic chyme when it
enters the small intestine
Pancreas
muscular tube that connects the
mouth to the stomach moves through the
esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract by
waves of muscle contractions (peristalsis)
Esophagus
Once food enters the mouth, it mixes with saliva
and gets chewed through the process of
mastication. With the effects of mastication, it
creates a mass called a
food bolus.
digest proteins, fats,
and carbohydrates.
Pancreatic juice
a large, hollow organ that temporarily
stores food aids in chemical digestion walls of the
stomach contain gastric juice that makes the
Stomach
– long tube connected to the
stomach where chemical digestion and nutrient
absorption occur about 2.5cm(diameter) and 7m
long
Small Intestine
Digestion ends in the
small intestine
where nutrients
are absorbed in the small intestine’s villi, tiny fingerlike projections.
small intestine
contain capillary beds, as well as lymphatic
vessels called lacteals. Fatty acids absorbed from
broken-down chyme pass into the lacteals.
Villi
– chemically change the
food into smaller molecules, which the body
cells can absorb and use as an energy
source
Digestive Enzymes
cannot occur without
the substances called enzymes. Without
these, some chemical reactions would be
too slow or would not occur.
Chemical digestion
substances that are acted upon
by enzymes
substrate
catalyzes the breakdown of starch(carbohydrates) into maltose in the mouth
and small intestine
Amylase
catalyze the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in the stomach and small
intestine
Protease,
Pepsin
catalyzes the breakdown of fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol in the small
intestine
Lipase
catalyzes the breakdown of maltose into glucose in the small intestine
Maltase
