EARTH SCIENCES AND SPACE

Question 1

3 reasons why carbon is important?

Answer 1

1. Part of living organisms.
2. Used in Photosynthesis.
3. Component in fuels.

Question 2

Why do techtonic plates move?

Answer 2

They float on magma in the Mantle. Heat in the Earths core warms up the magma and cause s it to move around (In a covection current) carrying the crust with it.

Question 3

Convergence-

Answer 3

When techtonic plates move towards eachother. Mountains and volcanoes are created.

Question 4

Divergence-

Answer 4

When techtonic plates move away from eachother. Valleys and new crust are created.

Question 5

Evidence for the Supercontinent:

Answer 5

1. Complimentary coastlines (They fit together like a puzzle).
2. The fossil record (Similiar fossils found across different parts of the world).
3. Glaciers (Evidece of glaciers in Africa suggests that it was once part of the South Pole.)

Question 6

Removes CO2 from the air=

Answer 6

• Photosynthesis
  -Dissolving in the oceans.
• Fossilisation.

Question 7

Releases CO2 into the air=

Answer 7

• Respiration.
• Volcanic activity.
  -Combustion.
• Decomposition.

Question 8

What are the 4 GREENHOUSE GASSES?

Answer 8

1. Water Vapour.
2. Methane.
3. Carbon dioxide.
4. Nitrous gasses.

Question 9

Why are greenhouse gasses needed?

Answer 9

They trap the sun’s radiation that is reflected back from the earth. Without them life wouln’t exist on earth because it wouñd be too cold.

Question 10

What is your Carbon Footprint?

Answer 10

The amount of carbon that our actions produce.

Question 11

What can weather stations measure?

Answer 11

• Tempreture
  -Wind
  -Humidity
• Air quality

Question 12

What is the Climate?

Answer 12

The Average tempreture in a particular place or area over time.

Question 13

CAUSES of climate change.

Answer 13

1. Increase of CARBON DIOXIDE.
   
   • Burning fossil fuels.
   • Deforestation.
2. Increase of METHANE.
   
   • Cattle
   • Rice fields
   • Landfill sites

Question 14

EFFECTS of Climate change.

Answer 14

1. Rising sea levels.
2. Extra H2O in the atmosphere.
   3 Extreme weather events.
3. Extinction.

Question 15

How was the Solar System formed?

Answer 15

The Solar System was formed around 4.6 billion years ago from a large cloud of dust and gas, called a nebula. This collapsed under its own gravity, transferring gravitational potential energy.

Question 16

What are the planets that are closer to the sun called and what do they have in common?

Answer 16

They are called Rocky Planets. These include Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. They are Quite small and they have high tempretures.

Question 17

What are the planets that are further away from the sun called and what do they have in common?

Answer 17

They are called Gas Giants. These include Jupiter, Uranus, Saturn and Neptune. They are Quite small and they have high tempretures.

Question 18

What will happen when the sun looses all its energy?

Answer 18

It will become a black dwarf.

Question 19

What are satelites and what are some uses.

Answer 19

A satellite is anything that orbits a planet or a star. Some of its uses are Earth observation and Weather Forcasting.

Question 20

Steps of Nebulae formation-

Answer 20

1. Star Explodes.
2. Gas and Dust is produced.
3. Nebulae forms.

Question 21

What is an asteroid?

Answer 21

Huge lumps of rock that contain metal ore, that arent big enough to be considered planets.

Question 22

What is a comet?

Answer 22

Collections of Ice, dust and small rocky particles which tend to have very long highly eliptical orbits.

Question 23

What are the 2 main asteroids fields?

Answer 23

1. The Asteroid Belt.
2. Trojans.

Question 24

What happens when an ateroid collides with a planet?

Answer 24

It produces an impact Crater.

Question 25

How are asteroids created?

Answer 25

Asteroids are the rocky remnants of material leftover from the formation of the solar system.

Question 26

How was the moon formed?

Answer 26

The Big Splash Theory is the theory of a protoplanet colliding with earth leading to the Moon being created.

Question 27

How do we know that the Big Splash happened?

Answer 27

-Same rocks like the moon.
-From orbit.
-From theories.

Question 28

Solar Eclipse-

Answer 28

When the moon passes between the sun and the earth.

Question 29

Lunar eclipse-

Answer 29

When the earth passes between the sun and the moon.

Question 30

Tides=

Answer 30

The regular rise and falls of sea levels.

Question 31

What are the two tides?

Answer 31

Spring tideas and neap tides. Neap tides are more common because Spring tide only occur twice a month and when they do the difference between high a low tide is at its greatest.