Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reviewer > Earth Science: Volcanoes > Flashcards

Earth Science: Volcanoes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a volcano?

A

Mountain formed from lava and pyroclastic materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are pyroclastic materials?

A

Ash and lava fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a crater?

A

Depression at summit of volcano.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a vent?

A

Opening that supplies magma from source to top of volcano.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a conduit or pipe?

A

Carries gas-rich magma to Earth’s surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a magma chamber?

A

Large pool of liquid rock beneath Earth’s crust.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the difference between magma and lava?

A

Magma is molten rock underground, lava is molten rock expelled from volcano.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three types of volcanoes based on shape?

A

Composite, cinder cone, and shield volcano.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the other name for Composite?

A

Stratovolcanoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a composite (stratovolcano)?

A

Large cone-shaped volcano composed of alternating lava flows and pyroclastic materials, typically found near the Pacific Ocean, and known for being the most violent type.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an example of a composite (stratovolcano)?

A
  • Mt. Mayon
  • Mt. Pinatubo
  • Mt. Fuji
  • Mt. St. Helens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a cinder cone (scoria cone)?

A

Small and simple volcano made of pyroclastic materials from single vent, w/ steep slopes and often occurring in groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are cinder cones also known as?

A

Scoria cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an example of a cinder cone (scoria cone)?

A
  • Taal Volcano
  • Mt. Paricutin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In which country is Mt. Paricutin located?

A

Mexico

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a shield volcano?

A

Broad, gently sloping landform made of low-viscous basaltic lava flows that can have gentle eruptions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the composition of shield and cinder cones?

A

Basaltic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the composition of composite cones (stratovolcanoes)?

A

Andesitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the composition of pyroclastic flows and volcanic domes?

A

Rhyolitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the factor 1 affecting the violence of volcanic eruptions?

A

Composition of the Magma

21
Q

What is the factor 2 affecting the violence of volcanic eruptions?

A

Temperature of the Magma

22
Q

What is the factor 3 affecting the violence of volcanic eruptions?

A

Dissolved Gases in the Magma

23
Q

What is the factor 4 affecting the violence of volcanic eruptions?

A

Viscosity

24
Q

What are the main components of dissolved gases in magma and what do they do?

A

Main Components of Dissolved Gases in Magma:
- water vapor
- carbon dioxide

They provide force to extrude lava.

25
Q

What is Viscosity?

A

Measure of resistance of material to flow.

26
Q

What is the relationship between temperature and viscosity in magma?

A

Hotter magmas are less viscous

27
Q

How does viscosity of magma relate to its composition?

A

The viscosity of magma is related to its composition, with high silica content having high viscosity (e.g. Rhyolitic Lava) and low silica content being more fluid (e.g. Basaltic Lava).

28
Q

How does viscosity affect volcanic eruptions?

A

Viscous magma results in a more violent eruption.

29
Q

What is a Pahoehoe Lava Flow?

A

Smooth liquid type of lava flow that resembles rope braids.

30
Q

What is an Aa Lava Flow?

A

More viscous type of lava flow w/ rough and jagged blocks.

31
Q

Fragments ejected during a volcanic eruption, ranging from fine particles and ash to large pieces weighing several tons.

A

Pyroclastic Materials

32
Q

What are ashes and dusts in a volcanic eruption?

A

Fine and glassy fragments

33
Q

What is pumice?

A

Frothy and air-filled lava

34
Q

What are cinders in a volcanic eruption?

A

Pea-sized particles

35
Q

What are lapilli in a volcanic eruption?

A

Walnut-sized particles

36
Q

What are volcanic blocks?

A

Hardened lava that are larger than lapilli.

37
Q

What is a volcanic bomb?

A

Ejected hot lava, larger than lapilli, that can travel a short distance and start fire.

38
Q

What is a crater in a volcanic eruption?

A

Results from explosions of material out of vent and collapse of material back into vent

39
Q

What is a caldera in a volcanic eruption?

A

Large depressions, nearly circular shape, formed by collapse of magma chamber in volcano

40
Q

What are lava plateaus?

A

Formed by large bursts of lava that solidify and build up layer upon layer over time

41
Q

What causes rocks in the mantle to melt and form magma?

A

Increase in temperature or decrease in pressure

42
Q

What is a factor in the formation of active volcanoes?

A

Movement of tectonic plate boundaries, particularly Pacific Ring of Fire where 75% of active volcanoes in world are found.

43
Q

What causes a volcano to erupt?

A

Increase in temperature or decrease in pressure in mantle leading to formation of magma, and movement of tectonic plate boundaries, particularly in Pacific Ring of Fire.

44
Q

How do volcanologists predict volcanic eruptions?

A

By measuring small earthquakes, slope changes with a tiltmeter, outflow of volcanic gases, and changes in temperature from orbit.

45
Q

How do volcanologists predict volcanic eruptions by measuring earthquakes?

A

By monitoring increases in number and intensity of small earthquakes before an eruption.

46
Q

How do volcanologists predict volcanic eruptions by measuring slopes?

A

By using a tiltmeter to detect bulges that may form due to the buildup of magma.

47
Q

How do volcanologists predict volcanic eruptions by measuring volcanic gases?

A

By monitoring changes in the outflow of volcanic gases such as sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide.

48
Q

How do volcanologists predict volcanic eruptions by measuring temperature?

A

By observing changes in temperature over time from orbit.

Reviewer (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions