Earth Science B Quiz #2 Flashcards
What are the percentages of the total water on earth?
Oceans - 97%
Freshwater - 3%
Out of all the freshwater, what are the percentages of the things that carry freshwater?
Ice caps and glaciers - 70%
Groundwater - 29%
Accessible freshwater - 1%
What are the two reasons why the oceans are salty?
Underwater volcanoes.
Weathered rocks.
What percentage of earth’s surface do oceans cover?
75%
What are the 5 major oceans?
Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Artic
Southern
What is the largest ocean?
Pacific.
Approximately 97% of earth’s water is _____ water.
Salt.
Other than river mouths, these are the regions of Earth’s oceans with the lowest salinity.
Polar.
The ocean is salty because of eroded ______ from land and underwater ______.
Rocks and volcanoes.
Water aside, the two most abundant elements in the oceans are ______ & ______.
Sodium, Chloride.
A boundary that marks a significant shift in ocean salinity?
Halocline.
Temperature and salinity of ocean water will result its overall _____?
Density.
If the volume of ocean water stayed the same but its salinity increased, its density would_____?
Increase.
This happens when ocean water turns from liquid to solid and leaves the salt behind ____?
Glaciation.
What is the boundary that marks a significant shift in ocean temperatures?
Thermocline.
If the temperature of ocean water increases and the amount of salt stayed the same, its density would_____?
Decrease.
What is the process that brings nutrient-rich water from the depths to the surface?
Upwelling.
What are deep ocean currents driven by?
Density.
The amount of dissolved salts in the ocean water is?
Salinity.
What are shallow ocean currents driven by?
Wind.
The density of seawater changes due to changes in?
Temperature and salinity.
What are three ways that will affect the salinity of Ocean Water?
Evaporation - High evaporation equals high salinity.
Freezing/glaciation - When ocean water freezes it leaves the salt behind meaning the ice will be freshwater and the ocean will be saltier.
Addition of freshwater- Rivers running into the ocean dilute the saltwater.
What are gyres?
Gyres are large systems of circulating ocean currents caused by wind.
What 3 gases are in the Ocean?
Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen.
Why is the Ocean Salty?
Because of the rocks on land dissolving into water and carried by a river into the ocean, a very little bit of it comes from underwater volcanoes.
How is salinity measured?
Measured in parts per thousands.
What is the average ocean salinity?
35 ppt
What is the density of pure water?
1 g/ml
What is the density of Ocean water?
1.035 g/ml
Will denser water rise or sink?
Sink.
Will less dense water rise or sink?
Rise.
Does warm water have a higher or lower density?
Lower.
Does cold water have a higher or lower density?
Higher.
Does higher salinity have a low or high density?
High.
Does lower salinity have a high or low density?
Low.
